UNIT 9: PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT

B. GRAMMAR:
I. NHỮNG THAY ĐỔI KHI CHUYỂN TỪ CÂU TRỰC TIẾP SANG CÂU GIÁN TIẾP:
- Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu:
Loại câu Trong câu trực tiếp Trong câu tường thuật
Đại từ nhân xưng I He, she
We They
You I, We
Đại từ sở hữu Mine His, hers
Ours Theirs
Yours Mine, Ours
Tính từ sở hữu My His, her
Our Their
Your My, Our
Tân ngữ Me Him, her
Us Them
You Me, us
- Các trạng từ chỉ thời gian:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
Now Then
Today That day
Yesterday The day before/ the previous day
The day before yesterday Two days before
Tomorrow The day after/the next (following)
day
Ago Before
This week That week
Last week The week before/ the previous
week
Last night The night before
Next week The week after/ the following
week
- Các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn:
Câu trực tiếp Câu gián tiếp
This That
These Those
Here There
- Lùi thì
 Hiện tại đơn  Quá khứ đơn
 Hiện tại tiếp diễn  Quá khứ tiếp diễn
 Hiện tại hoàn thành  Quá khứ hoàn thành
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  Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn  Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
 Quá khứ đơn  Quá khứ hoàn thành
 Quá khứ tiếp diễn  Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn
 Động từ khiếm khuyết: Can  Could, shall  should, must = have to  had to,…
II. CÁC DẠNG CÂU TƯỜNG THUẬT:
1. Statements (câu nói thông thường):
S + said (to + O) + (that) + S + V
Ví dụ :
1. The government said “We WILL do more to protect the environment”
 The government told that they WOULD do more to protect the environment.
2. She said “These documents BELONGS to Minh Anh.”
 She said that those documents BELONGED to Minh Anh.
2. Questions (câu hỏi): (asked, wanted to know, wondered,...)
a. Yes/ no questions (câu hỏi dạng yes/no):
S + asked + (O) + if /whether + S +V
Ví dụ :
1. The teacher asked us “Do you SEE the biodiversity of this school garden?”
 The teacher asked us IF/WHETHER we SAW the biodiversity of that school garden.
2. The man asked Lan “WILL you join in my volunteer club?”
 The man asked Lan that IF/WHETHER she WOULD join in his volunteer club.
b. Wh-questions (câu hỏi có từ để hỏi):
S + asked + (O) + wh-word + S + V
1. The students asked their teacher “Why SHOULD we protect the environment?”
 The students asked their teacher why they SHOULD protect the environment.
2. They asked “Where WILL we do the volunteer work?”
 They wanted to know where they WOULD do the volunteer work.
C. EXERCISES:
I-PRONUNCIATION:
E1: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the word whose underlined part differs from the other
three in pronunciation in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. contaminate B. deforest C. pollute D. protect
Question 2: A. meaning B. greater C. heatwave D. clearing
Question 3: A. protection B. control C. pollution D. forest
Question 4: A. biodiversity B. climate C. gorilla D. giant
Question 5: A. book B. look C. flood D. good
Question 6: A. gorilla B. environment C. consequence D. respiratory
Question 7: A. tortoise B. ecosystem C. biodiversity D. promotion
Question 8: A. identify B. practical C. habitat D. respiratory
Question 9: A. extreme B. excellent C. execute D. exercise
Question 10: A. discuss B. issue C. fossil D. classroom
Question 11: A. pesticide B. impact C. focus D. practical
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E2: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs from the other three in the
position of the primary stress in each of the following questions.
Question 1: A. balance B. issue C. panda D. extreme
Question 2: A. upset B. tortoise C. wildlife D. heatwave
Question 3: A. serious B. influence C. energy D. pollutant
Question 4: A. promote B. support C. research D. nature
Question 5: A. aware B. protect C. impact D. danger
Question 6: A. solution B. habitat C. endangered D. awareness
Question 7: [Link] B. harmful C. disease D. destroy
Question 8: A. disappear B. average C. consequence D. negative
Question 9: A. awareness B. illegal C. importance D. atmosphere
Question 10: A. environmentB. electrical C. ecosystem D. material
Question 11: A. natural B. chemical C. atmosphere D. solution
II-VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR:
E2: Put the correct word for the sentences below.
deforestation preserve greenhouse effect fossil fuels
damage depletion pollute global warming
Question 1: The _________________________ occurs when the earth's atmosphere traps certain
gases such as carbon dioxide as well as water vapour. This makes the earth's surface warmer.
Question 2: _____________ is harm or injury that makes something less valuable or able to
function.
Question 3: To _______________ is to keep and protect something from damage, change or waste.
Question 4: ______________________ are non-renewable energy sources such as coal, fuel oil and
natural gas formed from dead plants and animals underground.
Question 5: ___________________ is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth's surface
due to greenhouse effect.
Question 6: ________________________ is the using up or reducing something like energy or
resources.
Question 7: To ___________________________ is to make air, water, or soil dirty or unclean.
Question 8: _____________________ is the removal or cutting down of all trees in an area for
urban use and farm lands.
E3: Put the correct word for the sentences below.
protection depletion pollution erosion
destruction deforestation consumption contamination
1. The _________________________ of fossil fuels has gradually increased in many countries
which is concern for many environmentalists.
2. The increase in cases of skin cancer has been recorded in parallel with ozone layer
_____________________.
3. Intensive pesticide and fertilizer spays used in agriculture have resulted in the serious
___________________
of water, soil and air.
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4. The _________________ of this river has been proved by scientists to be caused by the dumping
of untreated sewage.
5. Scientists are able to explain the consequences of habitat ___________________ now.
6. Every year about 15,000 acres of fertile topsoil are washed away in Haiti, which has resulted in
massive soil __________________________.
7. The _____________________ of the environment from threats such as deforestation, the
extinction of rare species, pollution and natural resource depletion is one of the WWF's missions.
8. The _______________________ caused during the 20th century made the vegetation in this
region, which has originally a vast forest refuge for innumerable species, disappear.
E4: Put the correct word for the sentences below.
preserved forestation confused erosion
global environment attraction environmental
Question 1: Scientists have tried to assess the impact of human activities on the
____________________.
Question 2: We should have _____________________ plans to replace the trees cut down for
farmland use in the region.
Question 3: Oceanic oil spills become a major ___________________ problem, chiefly a result of
intensified petroleum exploitation.
Question 4: The rhino habitat has been perfectly __________________ in the region.
Question 5: The students are somewhat _______________ by the usage of the words “preservation”
and “conservation”.
Question 6: Many climatologists believe that the decline in mountain glaciers is one of the first
observation signs of _____________________ warming.
Question 7: Rising sea levels can add to the __________________________ of our coastlines.
Question 8: Waste water has polluted seas and lakes surrounding tourist ____________________,
damaging the flora and fauna.
E5: Mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.
Question 1: ___________is the gradual increase of temperature on the earth's surface due to
greenhouse effect.
A. Global warming B. Climate change C. Natural habitats D. Extreme weather
Question 2: Air pollution is a major ___________that has serious effects on our health.
A. measure B. solution C. issue D. sewage
Question 3: Some animals lose their habitats because of ___________.
A. habitat B. energy C. deforestation D. biodiversity
Question 4: Although we are aware _______ the importance of environment, we still overexploit it.
A. from B. on C. for D. of
Question 5: Do you think we are doing enough to ____________ wild animals?
A. prevent B. protect C. promote D. predict
Question 6: Many ________ animals have been saved thanks to community efforts.
A. dangerous B. endangered C. generous D. natural
Question 7: We should _________action to protect endangered animals.
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 A. take B. get C. make D. do
Question 8: The loss of forests can destroy the natural soil and lead __________climate change.
A. for B. to C. off D. down
Question 9: There will be ____, too. Some areas will become wetter while others will become much
drier.
A. weather changes B. weather forecasts C. climatic changes D. climate changes
Question 10: “What was the weather like here” - "It was very sunny and hot. We had a bit of a
______________”
A. blance B. diversity C. habitat D. heatwave
Question 11: Global warming is the rise in the _________temperature of the earth's atmosphere.
A. average B. normal C. casual D. polluted
Question 12: Earth Hour _________attention to climate change and global energy issues, and
promotes green activities worldwide.
A. attracts B. draws C. paints D. writes
Question 13: There are lots of things we can all do to ____ the environment.
A. enhance B. protect C. make D. build
Question 14: The gradual rise in the Earth's temperature is known as ____.
A. greenhouse effect B. global warming C. ozone layer D. acid rain
Question 15: All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a state of
__________.
A. peace B. balance C. energy D. pollution
Question 16: Air pollution is a ____________of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories,
aircraft and rockets.
A. product B. example C. harm D. consequence
Question 17: Air pollution is a ___________ problem in many major cities.
A. practical B. global C. serious D. endangered
Question 18: Global warming is making _________weather events, such as hurricanes and
droughts.
A. extreme B. positive C. sustainable D. climatic
Question 19: Thousands of acres of forest are being cut down every year and the ____ of many
animals are being destroyed.
A. natural resources B. natural habitats C. ways of life D. living surroundings
Question 20: Holding World Environment Day is one of the ways the United Nations uses to
advocate for environmental ____ and call for political action.
A. experience B. protection C. decrease D. pollution
Question 21: The organisation focuses _______protecting the natural habitats of rare animals.
A. in B. for C. to D. on
Question 22: The council has _____________ ideas to help manage traffic.
A. come up with B. taken part in C. made up with D. raised awareness of
Question 23: The loss of forests can damage the natural habitats of many animals and put wildlife
_______danger.
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 A. in B. on C. at D. to
Question 24: We had a discussion about _________ warming this morning.
A. global B. natural C. extreme D. negative
Question 25: High levels of pollution can upset the ____________ of an ecosystem.
A. average B. substance C. reason D. balance
Question 26: Greenpeace is an international group that protests against anything which is a ____ to
the environment.
A. threat B. threaten C. threatening D. threatener
Question 27: Scientists think that wild animals must ____________ in their natural habitats.
A. keep B. to keep C. be keeping D. be kept
Question 28: Pollution can have serious effects_________ the balance of ecosystem.
A. in B. on C. to D. for
Question 29: We need to be _________ of enviromental problems so that we can find ways to
protect nature.
A. aware B. calm C. kind D. willing
Question 30: __________ is mainly caused by waste gases that come out of vehicles, machines or
factories.
A. Water pollution B. Air pollution C. Noise pollution D. Soil pollution
Question 31: Environmentalists are furious with the American Government for delaying measures
which will reduce greenhouse gas ____.
A. exhaust fumes B. smokes C. wastes D. emissions
Question 32: There’s been a ____ in Germany and a village was completely destroyed.
A. flood B. drizzle C. shower D. smog
Question 33: We have to suffer a lot of floods due to our serious of forests.
A. destroy B. destructive C. destruction D. destructor
Question 34: Illegal trade in animal body _________ can lead to the disappearance of many animals
A. parts B. sections C. kinds D. sorts
Question 35: During the last hundred years we have done great ____ to the environment.
A. injury B. pollution C. damage D. hurt
Question 36: The problems of pollution call for a prompt from the government.
A. act B. action C. acting D. active
Question 37: If government don't ____ global warming, more natural disasters will occur.
A. achieve B. promote C. discourage D. prevent
Question 38: The loss of forests can have a ________impact on the environment.
A. positive B. giant C. negative D. practical
Question 39: Environmental pollution is becoming an ____ serious problem that needs to be taken
care of as soon as possible.
A. increasingly B. increasing C. increase D. increased
Question 40: Fish and poultry have a much lower impact the environment, and other plant proteins
are even less damaging the planet.
A. Ø - for B. on - to C. on - with D. of - to
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Question 41: We are aware of the _______ of natural resources. We should save them for future
use.
A. poison B. preservation C. usage D. exploitation
Question 42: They have built a particular reserve which is suitable _______ pandas.
A. at B. upon C. in D. for
Question 43: Forest dwellers had always hunted the local _______ but their needs had been small.
A. wildlife B. commerce C. reserve D. generation
Question 44: She is a famous .She tries her best to protect rare animals from extinction.
A. environment B. environmental C. environmentalist D. environmentally
Question 45: They are asking for public donations to protect some certain wild animals dying out.
A. from B. for C. with D. up
Question 46: More and more rare animals are danger of extinction.
A. for B. on [Link] D. in
Question 47: Ba said he__________ some good marks the semester before.
A. gets B. got C. had gotten D. have got
Question 48: They told their parents that they___________ their best to do the test.
A. try B. will try C. are trying D. would try
Question 49: She asked me where I___________ from.
A. come B. coming C. to come D. came
Question 50: The mother asked her son _______.
A. where he had been B. whether I had been C. where has he been D. where had he been
Question 51: Martin asked me _______.
A. how is my father B. how my father is C. how was my father D. how my father was
Question 52: The host asked Peter _______ tea or coffee.
A. whether he preferred B. that he preferred C. did he prefer D. if he prefers
Question 53: Andrew told me that they _______ fish two _______ days.
A. have not eaten / ago B. had eaten/ previous C. did not eat / before D. would not eat / last
Question 54: Jason told me that he _______ his best in the exam the _______ day.
A. had done / following B. will do / previous C. would do/ following D. was going / previous
Question 55: John asked me _______ in English.
A. what does this word mean B. what that word means
C. what did this word mean D. what that word meant
Question 56: Jack asked me _____.
A. where do you come from? B. where I come from
C. where I came from D. where did I come from?
Question 57: She asked me _____ I liked pop music.
A. when B. what C. if D. x
Question 58: I asked him______________,but he said nothing.
A. what's the matter was B. what was the matter
C. what the matter was D. the matter was what

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E4: Complete the following sentences with the correct forms of the words in capitals
Question 1: Animals should be kept in their ____________ habitats. (NATURE)
Question 2: Habitats of ____________ animals are damaged by human activities. (ENDANGER)
Question 3: 3. Many endangered animals are at risk of disappearing due to habitat ____________
and illegal hunting. (LOSE)
Question 4: The presentation focused on ____________ protection and climate change.
(ENVIRONMENT)
Question 5: ____________ hunting can cause pain and suffering to wild animals, and destroy
animal families. (LEGAL)
Question 6: You should never buy ____________ made from endangered animals. (PRODUCE)
Question 7: ____________ is a serious environmental problem in many parts of the world.
(DEFOREST)
Question 8: ____________ is important because plants and animals depend on each other to survive.
(DIVERSE)
Question 9: A new series of educational programmes shows the ____________ of wildlife to
humans. (IMPORTANT)
Question 10: Earth Hour has grown to become an international ____________ for the environment.
(MOVE)
Question 11: Habitat ____________ is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of
supporting its native species. (DESTROY)
Question 12: The protection and ____________ of the environment is one of the most important
issues facing humankind today. (PRESERVE)
Question 13: Researchers are finding that sometimes a ____________ to an environmental problem
can cause trouble in another area. (SOLVE)
Question 14: In banana plantations, flooding occurs partly because of deforestation and partly
because of poorly _____________________ drainage systems. (CONSTRUCT)
Question 15: 4. In areas with high concentrations of tourist activities and attractive natural
attractions, waste _________________________ is a serious problem. (DISPOSE)
Question 16: _____________________ caused by deforestation can also lead to increased flooding.
(ERODE)
Question 17: Dealing with resource _______________________ requires a broad range of
strategies. (DEPLETE)
Question 18: Unlike pesticides, ________________________ are not directly toxic but their
presence in fresh water changes the nutrient system. (FERTILIZE)
E5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Question 1: My friend said she would take part in a go-green event the following week.
A. participate in B. look after C. get on with D. carry out
Question 2: She wanted to know if giant pandas were still endangered.
A. strong B. much C. large D. flooded
Question 3: Air pollution is a major cause of respiratory diseases or even lung cancer.
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 A. reason B. right C. action D. sorrow
Question 4: Many schools provide environmental education to increase students' awareness of
conservation needs.
A. effort B. benefit C. exploitation D. knowledge
Question 5: Many species have become extinct each year before biologists can identify them.
A. destroy B. drain C. endanger D. discover
Question 6: Hunting for meat and burning forests for soil cause destruction to wildlife.
A. organization B. contamination C. protection D. damage
Question 7: Life on Earth is disappearing fast and will continue to do so unless urgent action is
taken.
A. vanishing B. damaging C. polluting D. destroying
Question 8: Humans depend on species diversity to provide food, clean air and water, and fertile
soil for agriculture.
A. destruction B. contamination C. fertilizer D. variety
Question 9: The Bali Tiger was declared extinct in 1937 due to hunting and habitat loss.
A. reserve B. generation C. natural environment D. diversity
Question 10: It is found that endangered species are often concentrated in areas that are poor and
densely populated, such as much of Asia and Africa
A. disappeared B. increased C. threatened D. reduced
Question 11: Overpopulation in big cities has severely affected the air and water quality.
A. seriously B. insignificantly C. largely D. commonly
Question 12: Water pollution is a result of dumping pollutants such as detergents, pesticides, oil,
and other chemicals in rivers, which makes the water unclean.
A. substances B. stuffs C. contaminants D. wastes
Question 13: Stop the degradation of the planet's natural environment and build a future in which
humans live in harmony with nature.
A. coexist peacefully with B. fall in love with
C. agree with D. cooperate with
Question 14: WWF was set up in 1961 and had its operations in areas such as the preservation of
biological diversity.
A. difference B. abundance C. variety D. plenty
Question 15: The seashore was much polluted because of the amount of waste left there. All this
rubbish is killing fish and other marine life.
A. sea plants B. sea mammals C. water life D. sea creatures
Question 16: In 1986, the organization changed its name to World Wide Fund for Nature. However,
it has operated under the original name in the US and Canada.
A. old B. former C. first D. ancient
Question 17: Some of WWF's missions are: conserving the world's biological diversity, ensuring
the use of renewable natural resources, and promoting the reduction of pollution.
A. jobs B. careers C. tasks D. actions

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Question 18: Air pollution is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories,
aircraft and rockets.
A. product B. example C. harm D. result
Question 19: The natural environment has been seriously influenced and degraded by human
activities through many decades.
A. worsened B. damaged C. destroyed D. reduced
Question 20: Global warming is the gradual increase of temperature on the Earth's surface due to
greenhouse effect.
A. steady B. slow C. sharp D. abrupt
E5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions
Question 1. Fresh water is very important to life because no one can live without it. Yet it is one of
the limited and most endangered natural resources on our planet.
A. Clean B. Drinkable C. Polluted D. Running
Question 2. One way to protect our environment from pollution is to reduce wasteful consumption.
A. costly B. excessive C. safe D. economical
Question 3. If you follow at least one of the tips, you can be proud of taking part in the preservation
of water, one of the very important and limited natural resources on earth.
A. self-confident B. self-satisfied C. discontent D.
unpleasant
Question 4. Soil pollution leads to lack of fertile land to grow enough food for an increasing
population.
A. arid B. rich C. unclean D. deserted
Question 5. Global warming may lead to many negative changes, including harsher weather
conditions.
A. more unbearable B. milder C. more extreme D. more serious
E6: Change the sentences into the reported speech.
Question 1: Mr Jones was very sad and said "All this rubbish is killing fish and other sea creatures."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 2: "We can clean the beach together." said Nick.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 3: "I'll ask our friends and neighbours to come and help us" Mary said to them.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 4: "I'm so happy to hear that, children" Mr Jones said to his children.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 5: Tony said "The disposal of untreated sewage in rivers and oceans leads to water
pollution."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 6: Mary said "Loud and annoying sounds from innumerable vehicles in the highway
nearby cause noise pollution."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
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Question 7: Mai said "The rising sea level is product of global warming, a natural phenomenon.
The only unnatural thing about global warming is the accelerated rate at which it is happening."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 8: Linda said "Environmental pollution is an impact of human activities on the
environment."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 9: Mr Jones gave the people gloves and said to them: "Protect yourselves from germs."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 10: Nam said, "The environment is severely affected by pollution."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 11: Mai said, "The burning of fossil fuels leads to air pollution."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 12: Peter said, "Intensive insecticide and pesticide sprays in agriculture make the soil
contaminated."
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 13: "It's confusing because there are too many web pages about the environment" Nam
said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 14: "Air pollution is one of the causes of the greenhouse effect" scientists said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 15: "Pollution is one of the problems in my neighbourhood" Nam said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 16: "More people are aware of the preservation of natural resources" the editor said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 17: "We are discussing the protection of the natural environment" the students told their
teacher.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 18: "Use the web search engine to find the information that you need" Nam's father told
him.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 19: He said, “I don’t have much time to talk to you.”
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 20: Kate said, “I will help you carry your luggage.”
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 21: They said, “We went to Japan on holiday last week.”
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 22: She said, “I can go home on my own.”
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 23: They said, “We haven’t been to the bank for a long time.”
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 24: He said, “I don’t understand the teacher’s question.”
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  _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 25: Mary said, “I will play cards tomorrow.”
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 26: Nick told me, “I am going to see my parents next month.”
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 27: “ I enjoyed the performance yesterday,” Trang said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 28: “I am very happy with your results,” Mrs. Green said to us.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 29: “I stopped using single-use plastic box,” Mary said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 30: “Adam will repair the car next weekend,” she said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 31: “Many activities will be held to encourage environmental protection,” my teacher said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 32: “I will take the dog out for a walk,” my mother said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
Question 33: “We took part in many activities of preserving the environment yesterday,” the
students said.
 _____________________________________________________________________________.
III-READING:
E7: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions
Climate change is one of the most intuitive changes in global warming. As a result of a large
amount of carbon dioxide emissions, there is a sharp rise in high-temperature weather, which has an
irreversible impact on our environment and ecology. Scientists say, “Changing weather patterns
linked to rising global temperatures have resulted in a dearth of wind across northern China,
according to several recent studies, exacerbating a wave of severe pollution that has been blamed for
millions of premature deaths”. However, when I returned home last Christmas, there was no snow on
the street, instead, it was a warm winter with sunshine. The continued of global warming may not
only bring about changes in climate. The world may undergo more unpredictable changes due to
global warming in the future.
Global climate change has seriously affected the living environment of animals, the change of
climate, the quality of human life, and the threat to human security. Global warming has become a
very difficult trend to reverse. It and rising temperatures have caused very serious consequences for
human beings, brought great impact on the Earth’s organisms and seriously affected people’s lives,
but people didn’t realize the seriousness of the problem. It is urgent to protect the environment and
people should take active measures to deal with it.
Question 1: What could be the best title for the passage?
A. The Protection of Ozone Layer to Earth B. Climate Change and Global Warming
C. The History of Ozone Development D. The Destruction if Animals’ Habitat
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Question 2: The word “which” in paragraph 1 refers to _______.
A. a wave of severe pollution B. a sharp rise in high-temperature weather
C. a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions D. a great impact on the earth’s organism
Question 3: The word “reverse” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. turn right B. reduce more C. change to opposite D. increasing sharply
Question 4: According to the passage, all of the following are the impacts of climate change and
global warming EXCEPT _______
A. exacerbating a wave of severe pollution B. improving the quality of human life
C. threatening human security D. bringing about serious changes in climate
Question 5: According to recent studies, millions of premature deaths are caused by _______.
A. living environment B. active measures C. rising temperature D. severe pollution
E8: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions
The costs and benefits of global warming will vary greatly from area to area. For moderate
climate change, the balance can be difficult to assess. But the larger the change in climate, the more
negative the consequences will become. Global warming will probably make life harder, not easier,
for most people This is mainly because we have already built enormous infrastructure based on the
climate we now have.
People in some temperate zones may benefit from milder winters, more abundant rainfall, and
expanding crop production zones. But people in other areas will suffer from increased heat waves,
coastal erosion, rising sea le more erratic rainfall, and droughts.
The crops, natural vegetation, and domesticated and wild animals (including seafood) that
sustain people in a given area may be unable to adapt to local or regional changes in climate. The
ranges of diseases and insect pests that are limited by temperature may expand, if other
environmental conditions are also favourable.
In its summary report on the impacts of climate change, the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change stated, "Taken as a whole, the range of published evidence indicates that the net
damage costs of climate change are likely to be significant and to increase over time.”
Question 1: What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Environment pollution is real. B. Reasons why low-lying areas are flooded.
C. Solutions to global warming. D. Reasons why global warming is a problem.
Question 2: Which of the following is TRUE as the result of global warming?
A. All people suffer from global warming. B. All people benefit from global warming.
C. Life is more difficult for the majority of people. D. Life is easier for most
people.
Question 3: In paragraph 1, the word “this” refers to ____.
A. harder life as a result of global warming B. easier life as a result of global warming
C. climate change on global scale D. flood in low-lying areas
Question 4: In paragraph 2, the word “erratic” is closest in meaning to ____.
A. predictable B. unpredictable C. changeable D. unchangeable

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Question 5: According to the passage, all of the following are the results of global warming
EXCEPT ____.
A. higher temperature B. coastal erosion
C. increasing sea level D. stable rainfall
Question 6: What may happen to diseases and insect pests as a result of global warming?
A. They will become extinct. B. They will increase in number.
C. They will not harm our planet. D. They will be under good control.
E9: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate
the correct answer to each of the questions
For many years, scientists have been arguing about global warming. While they don't all agree
about what this might mean for Planet Earth, many think it is going on - and that we can do
something about it. We need a few more years to gather facts before anyone can say for sure. But
people need to start now to do things to stop it.
There are many types of gases in our atmosphere. Some of them absorb the heat from the sun
and control our climate. "Greenhouse gases” are those that hold the heat around the planet's surface.
When we increase the level of these gases, we upset the balance. These extra gases trap even more
heat.
Some scientists say global warming has already started to change the environment. The Earth's
temperature has risen one degree Fahrenheit this century. Many scientists believe it could rise from
two to eight degrees Fahrenheit in the next hundred years. This would be the fastest rise in 10,000
years.
Sea levels could rise. Ice sheets could melt and add to the water level. Many places near the
coast would be in danger of flooding. If the climate change is too large and too fast, some plants and
animals could really suffer. They could even die out. Weather could become more violent and
extreme. In some places there would be more forest fires. But in other areas there would be more
rain and snow, storms and floods.
(Adapted from [Link]/article/[Link])
Question 1: What is the passage mainly about?
A. Global warming and its negative effects. B. Global warming and forest fires.
C. Global warming and suggested solutions. D. Global warming and its advantages.
Question 2: According to the passage, gases control our climate by _______
A. increasing its level B. absorbing the heat
C. changing the environment D. upsetting the balance
Question 3: The word "it" in paragraph 3 refers to _______
A. century B. global warming C. temperature D. environment
Question 4: The word "extreme" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _______
A. severe B. gentle C. quiet D. peaceful
Question 5: Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage!
A. Climate change would cause forest fires everywhere.
B. Scientists have all agreed about global warming.
C. The gases we increase trap even more heat.
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 D. Scientists say that global warming can never change the environment.
E10: Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks
Few people now question the reality of global warming and its effects on the world's climate.
Many scientists (1) _____________the blame for recent natural disasters on the increase in the
world's (2) ________ and are convinced that, more than ever before, the Earth is (3) ______ risk
from the forces of the wind, rain and sun. According to them, global warming is making extreme
weather events, such as hurricanes and droughts, even more (4) _____________and causing sea
levels all around the world to rise.
(5) ______________ groups are putting pressure on governments to take action to reduce the
amount of carbon dioxide which is given (6) _____________by factories and power plants, thus
attacking the problem at its source. They are in favor of more money being spent on research into
solar, wind and wave energy devices, (7) _____________ could then replace existing power station.
Some scientists, (8) _____________, believe that even if we stopped (9) __________ carbon
dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere tomorrow, we would have to wait several hundred years
to notice the (10) __________. Global warming, it seems, is to stay.
Question 1: A. give B. put C. take D. have
Question 2: A. heat B. temperatures C. degree D. climate
Question 3: A. in B. on C. be D. at
Question 4: A. Environment B. Environmentally
C. Environmental D. Environmentalist
Question 5: A. strict B. severe C. strong D. healthy
Question 6: A. off B. away C. up D. over
Question 7: A. that B. which C. what D. who
Question 8: A. but B. although C. despite D. however
Question 9: A. to release B. releases C. releasing D. to releasing
Question 10: A. results B. consequences C. effects D. outcomes
E11: Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage. Use only one word in each space
home balance way warming forests
ecosystems value of amount life
PROTECTING BIODIVERSITY
Protecting biodiversity is now very essential since biodiversity is crucial for reducing climate
pollution. If we don't protect biodiversity, the effects could be as harmful as the effects of global (1)
_________________ itself. This is especially true with tropical (2) _________________ - they are
critical to fighting climate change and (3) _________________ to more species than any other
ecosystem type. In other words, protecting biodiversity is essential for our well-being, and
biodiversity helps to (4) _______________________ the nature.
Biodiversity is an important part of sustainable development. As we know, sustainable development
is considered as a major target for industry as well as planning system. However, the only (5)
________________ to achieve this target is to protect biodiversity. Tiny plants that grow also absorb
large (6) __________________ of carbon dioxide. That is why protecting diversity is essential.

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In fact, biodiversity protection is very much important since biodiversity is a fundamental
component of (7) _______________ on Earth. It creates complex (8) __________________ that
could never be reproduced by humans. The (9) ___________ of that biodiversity is immeasurable,
and thus must be protected. Finally, we both want and need biodiversity. We continue harming the
natural environment without realizing the impact. We should be aware (10) ________________
protecting biodiversity.
E12: Choose the word or phrase among A, B, C or D that best fits the blank space in the following
passage.
World Environment Day which is (1) ____ on 5th June every year in an important day in the
calendar of the United Nations. It is one of the ways the United Nations uses to advocate for
environmental (2) ____ and call for political action.
Every year, UNEP (the Environment Program of the United Nations) develops a theme which
is used globally to raise (3) ____ and call for support from governments, organizations, and
individuals from all over the world.
The theme for 2015 was "Seven Billion Dreams. One Planet. Consume with Care”. This
would also serve as the slogan for the World Environmental Day 2015. The meeting of this theme
and slogan is that we have five (4) ____ with more than seven billion people combine d. Although
we have about 7 billion people, we just have one planet that we live and survive. The surface area is
limited, shelter and food also limited. If we continue using the available natural (5) ____ as we do
today, our future generations may be (6) ____ to go hungry and without homes. This is why it is of
vital importance to consume (7) ____food that is available with care. Stop the wastage and use
whatever resource that is available according to need, not greed.
“Join the race to make the world a better place” is the theme and (8) ____ for 2016 UN World
Environment Day. This slogan (9) ____ a clear message and asks everyone to get involved (10) ____
making the world a better place to live in.
Question 1. A. found B. acted C. held D. celebrated
Question 2. A. experience B. protection C. decrease D. pollution
Question 3. A. feature B. activity C. ability D. awareness
Question 4. A. areas B. continents C. plants D. stars
Question 5. A. sources B. resources C. balances D. increase
Question 6. A. had B. made C. forced D. accused
Question 7. A. which B. whatever C. who D. what
Question 8. A. slogan B. flag C. poster D. brand
Question 9. A. requests B. asks C. carries D. depends
Question 10. A. from B. to C. within D. in
E13: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
HOW TO STOP WATER POLLUTION
Water pollution is one of the biggest threats to the environment today. There are several
sources of water pollution ranging from sewage and fertilizers to soil erosion. The impact of water
pollution on wildlife and their natural habitats can be immense. There are also a number of things
that the average person can do to help stop water pollution.
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 We should conserve the soil because soil conservation influences water pollution through
erosion. As soil is eroded by water, it transfers sediment from the land to the body of water, which is
polluted by the chemicals in the sediment. Phosphorus and industrial chemicals can be pulled into
water through soil erosion. When phosphorus levels in water become too high, they can lead to algae
blooms that can cause massive fish deaths and make water unsafe for human use. The best way to
prevent soil erosion is to keep the banks of rivers well-covered with plants or trees. Planting trees
can have a significantly positive impact on the reduction in soil erosion.
The oil used to lubricate engines in all types of machines needs to be changed regularly.
When the oil is changed, it presents a number of environmental hazards if not disposed of properly.
When a leaky engine releases this oil into the street, it runs to the sewer and makes its way into
waterways.
Wherever you see a lot of human recreation, you will almost always see lots of evidence of
human use. Wrappers, bottles and other trash are unfortunately a common site at many well-used
beaches and rivers around the world. It should be fairly obvious that the trash from these places
often ends up in waterways and can cause pollution. Plastics are an especially big issue when it
comes to water contamination at beaches and waterways. Picking up litter wherever you find it is
honestly the best, fastest way to do your part to stop this type of water pollution.
Organize cleaning parties with local people to make the reach larger. Get businesses involved
as sponsors who will donate prizes to the person who collects the most trash if you're having a hard
time finding people to sign up to help.
It is estimated that the consumption of plastic by humans is between 250 and 300 million tons
a year. About 80% of the plastic in the oceans came from the land. Using alternatives to plastics or
using “less disposable” plastics whenever possible can have a surprising impact on ocean pollution.
The fact that plastic is cheap and useful for different purposes makes it obvious choices for many
people.
Question 1. Lubricants can cause environmental hazards when ____.
A. they may be found in the streets B. they engines work perfectly
C. they are not disposed properly D. they are changed regularly
Question 2. The following are the effects of water pollution EXCEPT that ____.
A. it may make water unsafe for human use
B. it may spoil the beauty of beaches or waterways
C. it may cause massive fish deaths due to algae blooms
D. it may keep the banks of rivers well-covered with trees
Question 3. Soil erosion can lead to water pollution because ____.
A. massive fish deaths will make the rivers unsafe for human use
B. soil can be eroded by rain water
C. soil erosion can occur naturally everywhere
D. chemicals in the sediment from the soil erosion will pollute water
Question 4. In order to make beaches clean and green, we should ____.
A. follow the trash from these places which often ends up in waterways
B. find places with a lot of human recreation and of evidence of human use
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C. organize campaigns in which prizes will be given to the business who collects the most trash
D. ask local people to take part in cleaning up the beaches, maybe with the sponsor from businesses
Question 5. We can infer from the passage that ____.
A. using too much plastic can cause bad effects on ocean pollution
B. using plastics only causes ocean pollution
C. we don't know how to stop water pollution
D. alternatives to plastics or “less disposable” plastics can make the situation worse
E14: Read the passage, and choose the correct answer A, B, C or D for each question.
THINK BEFORE YOU TOSS
Countries around the world have growing mountains of trash because people are throwing out
more trash than ever before. How did we become a throwaway society?
First of all, it is now easier to replace an item than to spend time and money to repair it.
Thanks to modern manufacturing and technology, companies are able to produce items quickly and
inexpensively. Products are plentiful and prices are low, so we would rather buy something new than
repair it. Even if we did want to repair something, many items are almost impossible to repair. These
products contain many tiny, complicated parts. Some even contain small computer chips. It's easier
to throw these items away and buy new ones than to fix them.
Another contributing factor is our love of disposable products. As busy people, we are always
looking for ways to save time and make our lives easier. Why should we use cloth kitchen towels?
It's easier to use paper towel once and toss it out. Companies manufacture thousands of different
kinds of disposable items: paper plates, plastic cups, cameras, and razors for shaving, to name a few.
The problem is that disposable products also contribute to our trash problem.
Our appetite for new products also contributes to the problem. We are addicted to buying
things. As consumers, we want the latest clothes, the best TVs, and cellphones with west features.
Companies tell us to buy, buy, and buy. Advertisements persuade us wer is better. The result is that
we throw away useful possessions to make room for new ones.
Question 1. Which of the following is NOT a reason for people to replace a broken item?
A. Products are now mass produced at affordable prices.
B. It takes almost no time to fix broken items.
C. Many items are too complicated to repair.
D. Some products contain tiny, complicated chips.
Question 2. All of the following are disposable products, EXCEPT ____.
A. cloth kitchen towels B. paper plates
C. plastic cups D. razors for shaving
Question 3. The word “disposable" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. convenient B. inexpensive C. throwaway D. single-use
Question 4. Why are we hooked on buying new things?
A. We throw the old items to make room for the new ones.
B. We have more money than ever before.
C. We want to own as many things as possible.
D. We are made to believe that the new is the better.
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Question 5. The word “appetite” in the last paragraph can be best replaced by ____.
A. need B. demand C. desire D. taste
E15: Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer
to each of the questions.
THE BALANCE OF NATURE
All the different plants and animals in a natural community are in a state of balance. This
balance is achieved by the plants and animals interacting with each other and with their non-living
surroundings. An example of a natural community is a woodland, and a woodland is usually
dominated by a particular species of plant, such as the oak tree in an oak wood. The oak tree in this
example is therefore called the dominant species but there are also many other types of plants, from
brambles, bushes, and small trees to mosses, lichens and algae growing on tree trunks and rocks.
The plants of a community are the producers: they use carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen to
build up their tissues using energy in the form of sunlight. The plant tissues form food for the plant-
eating animals (herbivores) which are in turn eaten by flesh-eating animals (carnivores). Thus, plants
produce the basic food supply for all the animals of a community. The animals themselves are the
consumers, and are either herbivores or carnivores.
Examples of herbivores in a woodland community are rabbits, deer, mice and snails, and
insects such as aphids and caterpillars. The herbivores are sometimes eaten by the carnivores.
Woodland carnivores are of all sizes, from insects such as beetles and lacewings to animals such as
owls, shrews and foxes. Some carnivores feed on herbivores, some feed on the smaller carnivores,
while some feed on both: a tawny owl will eat beetles and shrews as well as voles and mice. These
food relationships between the different members of the community are known as food chains or
food webs. All food chains start with plants. The links of the chain are formed by the herbivores that
eat the plants and the carnivores that feed on the herbivores. There are more organisms at the base of
the food chain than at the top; for example, there are many more green plants than carnivores in a
community.
Another important section of the community is made up of the decomposers. They include the
bacteria and fungi that live in the soil and feed on dead animals and plants. By doing this they break
down the tissues of the dead organisms and release mineral salts into the soil.
Question 1. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. All the plants in a wood are eaten by animals.
B. All the animals in a wood depend on plants for their food supply.
C. Plants and animals in a natural community do not interact with their non-living surroundings.
D. The balance of a natural community means there is no primary species.
Question 2. The best definition for the word “dominant" in paragraph 1 is ____.
A. having the most important position B. covering the majority of the area
C. providing food for others D. making up the whole community
Question 3. All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT ____.
A. some animals eat other animals
B. plants depend on the sun to grow
C. plants depend on the gasses in the atmosphere to grow
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D. not every food chain starts with plants
Question 4. The word "tissues" in paragraph 2 can be best replaced by ____.
A. leaves B. roots C. cells D. trunks
Question 5. Which of the following is NOT an example of carnivores?
A. shrew B. lacewings C. owl D. aphids
Question 6. What makes the links in a food chain?
A. the plants and the herbivores B. the herbivores and the carnivores
C. the carnivores and the decomposers D. the plants and the decomposers
Question 7. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Some animals eat plant-eating animals and also flesh-eating animals.
B. There are more organism at the base of a food chain than at the top.
C. Green plants outnumber carnivores in a food chain.
D. The consumers are at the base of a food chain.
Question 8. The word “organism" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____.
A. plants B. animals C. herbivores D. living things

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