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Core Java Mastery Phase 1 Notes

The document outlines the foundational concepts of Core Java, covering JVM architecture, memory management, data types, type casting, operators, and control flow. It uses analogies to explain the roles of JDK, JRE, and JVM, and details the differences between stack and heap memory. Additionally, it provides information on primitive and non-primitive data types, type casting methods, and control flow structures with code examples.

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Hariom Pal
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66 views3 pages

Core Java Mastery Phase 1 Notes

The document outlines the foundational concepts of Core Java, covering JVM architecture, memory management, data types, type casting, operators, and control flow. It uses analogies to explain the roles of JDK, JRE, and JVM, and details the differences between stack and heap memory. Additionally, it provides information on primitive and non-primitive data types, type casting methods, and control flow structures with code examples.

Uploaded by

Hariom Pal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Core Java Mastery 2026 – Phase 1 Notes

Status: Foundations Complete

Topics Covered: JVM Architecture, Memory Management, Data Types, Casting, Operators,
and Control Flow.

Part 1: The Machine & The Memory

1. The Java Trinity (Restaurant Analogy)


JDK (Java Development Kit): The Chef’s Kitchen. Contains tools like the compiler that
converts source code into bytecode.

JRE (Java Runtime Environment): The Dining Room. Provides libraries and runtime files
required to run Java programs.

JVM (Java Virtual Machine): The Universal Translator. Converts bytecode into machine-
specific instructions on any OS.

2. Memory Management: Stack vs Heap


Stack (Fast Countertop):

- Stores primitive variables and method calls


- Very fast and memory is cleared when method execution ends

Heap (Big Pantry):

- Stores objects and Strings


- Memory is managed by Garbage Collector
- Unused objects are automatically removed

Part 2: Primitive Data Types


Java is statically typed; every variable must declare a type.

Family Type Size Range / Notes

Integer byte 8-bit -128 to 127

Integer short 16-bit -32,768 to 32,767

Integer int 32-bit Default whole


number

Integer long 64-bit Suffix L required

Decimal float 32-bit Suffix f required


Decimal double 64-bit Default decimal

Other boolean 1-bit true / false

Other char 16-bit Single character

Part 3: Non-Primitive Types


String is a special object used to store text. Strings are stored in the Heap inside the String
Constant Pool for optimization.

Part 4: Type Casting & Operators

1. Type Casting
Widening Casting (Automatic): Small data type to large data type (e.g., int to double). No
data loss.

Narrowing Casting (Manual): Large data type to small data type (e.g., (int) 9.78 → 9). Data
loss possible.

2. Operators
Arithmetic Operators: +, -, *, /, %
Comparison Operators: ==, !=, >, <
Logical Operators: &&, ||, !

Part 5: Control Flow

1. Decision Making
If-Else: Used for conditional branching.

Switch: Used for menu-driven logic. Modern Java supports arrow (->) syntax.

2. Code Example
public class FoundationSummary {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int age = 25;
double price = 19.99;
char grade = 'A';

int roundedPrice = (int) price;

if (age >= 18 && grade == 'A') {


[Link]("Enrolled as Adult Student");
} else {
[Link]("Check Requirements");
}
String result = switch (grade) {
case 'A', 'B' -> "Excellent";
case 'C' -> "Passing";
default -> "Fail";
};
[Link]("Status: " + result);
}
}

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