What is Heteroamnesia
Livestock Feed
Dehorning and debudding
NaOH and KOH use..
Hay making and sillage production
Forage and sillage
Foilage:the leaves on the grass
Legumes: white clover,red clover, alfalfa
Non leguminous: ??
Know Ear tag applicator
What is lush pasture,fodder
Nutrition for lactating cow is diff from non lactating...
In lactating animal crude protein should be above 40%
An animal should take 1-3% of their body weight
In production -2.5-5% of their body weight
Urea crystals (from ammonia) is a source of non
nitrogenous protein and they convert to protein
6-7gallons of milk can be gotten from exotic breed .Milk is
expressed in kg..
3meter square per cow
Yak
camel(don't give dimenazine aceturate to them)
How to take pulse rate and heart rate
For pulse-only use superficial arteries in close apposition
to a bony structure or cartilage ,and it should not be a
long artery
Why you can't take heart rate from vein
Arteries for pulse reading:
Mid coxigeal artery
Facial
Median artery
lumph nodes:
Para parotid
Retro pharyngeal
Subscapular
Visible;
Sub maxilla
Pre scapular
Prefemural
Supra mammalry
Space requirements for a cattle ranch (3m2 per animal)
1-2acre per animal
Jugular vein pulse JVP(True or false)
True-when you dam and jugular furrow about two third to
the neck and there is pulsation - -seen in pericarditis and
tricuspid valve insufficiency
False -when there is no pulse after damming-emanciation
Types of respiratory....
Thoracic-"wholy" in conditions like
peritonitis,tympany,impaction
Abdominal- problem with respiratory and Abdominal
cavity in traumatic pericarditis pneumonia, fractured rib.
Know grain overload..
Vaginal,rectal, axial temperature
Vaginal temperature is 0.5 higher than rectal
Take pulse from axillary area
Intramuscular,gluteal, suprascapular
You don't take blood from femur(semitendinosus) cuz of
clostridium ..
Local breeds
White fulani-prominent horn but not bulbus, high dairy
producers,a little hump
Sokoto Gudali-Prominent dew lap,heavy
hump,hornless,tanhumped,dark eye lid
Adamawa gudali-pink eye lid, hornless
Nadama-short,humpless,horn pointing
forward,tripanotolerant
Hausa malu
Red bororo-red, humpless
Kuri-bulbus horn,
Keteku-small breed
Muturu-small breed
Guancy-US
Exotic breed
Austin fresian (Holland)
Jersey (America)
Swiss
Girolando breed is a cross(gir+Austin Frisian)
Highshire(Scotland)
Red Dane (Denmark)
Texas long horn (very long horn)
Improved breed
Gir(from Brazil).
Teeth of ruminants undergo continue growth cuz of silica
in their feed
Teeth
Centralis ,medialis, lateralis, corner .
Check tail for eggs of lice "neat"
P0-yelling animal is less than a year or not more than
1 pair as permanent -1-1.5 yrs
2nd-2-2.5
3rd-3-3.5
4th-4-4.5
You age to check for onset of puberty..
Also to know the disease that the animal could be
susceptible to
Permanent dentition-rough
edge,bigger,wider,broader ,dirtier
Opposite is for temporary
Know the breeds of sheep
Yankasa,balami,ouda,west African dwarf
Balsami-bulbus nasal area
Yankasa -nasal area not bulbus
Diff between ouda and yankasa
Yankasa has
Height -West African dwarf-ouda-yankasai(bigger and
flappy ears)
Breeds of goat
Red sokoto,west African dwarf,sahel,borno white,kalahari
Most Vaccinations came between 3months to 6months
Ruminants have hipsodont teeth
Major differenced between temporary and permanent
dentition
Silica in the grass is responsible for the wear and tear in
the teeth of the ruminants
Spiking male
27/06/24
Heifa calf -6-8mn
Incalf Heifa- Heifa pregnant for the first time
Steer- castrated bull
Ewe lamb -1-3mnths
Gima-Matured female (not been served before)
Goat
Male or female -kid
Weaned-Doe and buck
Debud before 6wks of age
Castrate within first week of life
Hetero(from client) anamnesis (history)
What you observe from afar
Respiratory rate
Coastal abdominal movement
Condensate -wet nares
Palpation Auscultation and percussion
succussion = Auscultation+ ballotment
Palpation;
Palpate for bumps and irregularities on the ribs.
Pulmonary Emphysema - airdrops that escape the lungs
into the thoracic cavity, can form lumps or bumps
Subacutenous emphysema - under the skin
Auscultation;
Caudal border of the lung
Caudal border- Imaginary lineTop of 11 to the middle of
9th rib to the elbow
Spend 3 to 5 seconds per spot
Percussion
Top of the rib or intercoastal space
Dull sound - collapse lungs, consolidated lungs 🫁
High resonant sound - pneumothorax
No sound- fluid
Ballotment
To determine fluid wave
To improve lung sound;
Do rebreathing bag technic
Gag with rectal glove
Weather pinch (know what this is.)
Animal will then breath deaper and faster
Pain
Withers pinch test,
Make grunt sound
Inspiration stridal -upper respiratory problem
Knots
Many types
Slip knot
Herd instinct of cattle
Sharp and at alart , togetherness
Separation from herd
Visible;
Sub maxilla
Pre scapular
Prefemural; inflammation at the caudal abdominal part of
the cow, mastitis
Supra mammalry
Capillary refill time
Dog - pit the gum, oral cavity of cow is very thick rather
check color and moisture in them
DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
Mouth
Uremia-cow
Alithosis -bad mouth odor from ammonia
Loose teeth, missing or decaying
Abdominal stance
Colic- shortened stride
* Left paralumber(center) fosa- ruminal contraction
* Right- GIT sounds
Rumen sound
Normal - low rumbling tunder (1-3 contraction per
minute) listen for minimum of 2 minutes
Thoracocenthesis ?
How to foster a calf that lost its dam?
Displaced abomasum
From right to left, distended with trapped air
Colic- any pain in the abdomen
Right paralumber fossa for intestinal sounds
Boborigmus- goggling or bubbling sound , can be as a
result of gas colic
Tortion and Volvolus; messenteric
Bloat- hollow viscus filled with gas, half of apple 🍏 shape
on the left, right is half of pear 🍐, dorsal left distention,
has fluid interface
Transrectal palpation; to observe kidney intestines, iliac
Milk palate- milk coming out of the nose
Umbilical ani
Umbilical coli
Neonate first 28 days
New born -first day
Inject at the upper gluteal, semi tendinosus is also okay
Anthrax is injected on the shoulder
Unconventional methods of checking for age; Horn length
, dentition, length of tail brush
Formula for weight estimation?
