Grade 6 Science – Complete Detailed Notes
Unit 1: Introduction to Science & Scientific Method
Science is the study of the natural world. It helps us understand how living and non-living things
work. Science explains everyday events such as rain, growth of plants, movement of cars, and
working of machines.
Branches of Science
1. Biology – Study of living things (plants, animals, humans)
2. Chemistry – Study of substances and their changes
3. Physics – Study of matter, energy, force, and motion
Scientific Method
Scientists use a step-by-step method to solve problems:
1. Observation – Carefully watching events using senses or tools
2. Question – Asking what, why, or how something happens
3. Hypothesis – A possible answer or intelligent guess
4. Experiment – A planned test to check the hypothesis
5. Result – What happens during the experiment
6. Conclusion – Final decision based on results
Unit 2: Living and Non-Living Things
Living Things
Living things have life. They:
• Grow
• Breathe (respire)
• Need food
• Move
• Reproduce
• Respond to their environment
Examples: Humans, animals, plants, bacteria
Non-Living Things
Non-living things do not have life.
• Do not grow
• Do not breathe
• Do not reproduce
Examples: Stone, water, air, chair
Cells
• A cell is the smallest unit of life.
• Unicellular organisms have one cell (amoeba)
• Multicellular organisms have many cells (humans, plants)
Unit 3: Plants – Structure and Functions
Plants are living things that make their own food.
Parts of a Plant
1. Root
o Fixes plant in soil
o Absorbs water and minerals
2. Stem
o Supports the plant
o Carries water and food
3. Leaves
o Make food
o Contain chlorophyll
4. Flower
o Reproductive part
o Forms fruits and seeds
Photosynthesis
Plants make food using:
• Sunlight
• Water
• Carbon dioxide
They release oxygen, which is important for life.
Unit 4: Animals and Their Classification
Animals cannot make their own food.
Classification by Food
1. Herbivores – Eat plants (cow, goat)
2. Carnivores – Eat meat (lion, tiger)
3. Omnivores – Eat both plants and meat (humans, bear)
Habitat
The natural home of an animal.
• Forest
• Desert
• Ocean
• Grassland
Adaptation
Special features that help animals survive.
• Camel stores fat
• Fish have fins
• Polar bear has thick fur
Unit 5: Human Body Systems
The human body has many systems working together.
Major Systems
1. Digestive System
o Breaks food into simple substances
o Main organs: mouth, stomach, intestines
2. Respiratory System
o Helps in breathing
o Lungs exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
3. Circulatory System
o Transports blood, oxygen, and nutrients
o Heart pumps blood
4. Nervous System
o Controls body actions
o Includes brain, spinal cord, nerves
5. Skeletal System
o Gives shape and support
o Protects organs
Unit 6: Matter and Its States
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space.
States of Matter
1. Solid
o Fixed shape and volume
o Example: stone
2. Liquid
o Fixed volume, no fixed shape
o Example: water
3. Gas
o No fixed shape or volume
o Example: air
Change of State
• Solid → Liquid (melting)
• Liquid → Gas (evaporation)
• Gas → Liquid (condensation)
Unit 7: Energy, Force, and Work
Energy
Ability to do work.
• Heat energy
• Light energy
• Electrical energy
Force
A push or pull.
• Changes shape
• Changes speed
• Changes direction
Types of Forces
• Gravity – Pulls objects to Earth
• Friction – Slows moving objects
Work
Work is done when a force moves an object.
Unit 8: Earth, Space, and Solar System
Earth
• Only known planet with life
• Has air, water, and land
Solar System
Consists of:
• Sun
• Planets
• Moons
• Asteroids
Earth’s Movements
1. Rotation
o Earth spins on its axis
o Causes day and night
2. Revolution
o Earth moves around the Sun
o Causes seasons
Moon
• Natural satellite of Earth
• Has no light of its own
Unit 9: Environment and Conservation
Environment
All living and non-living things around us.
Pollution
Harmful substances in:
• Air
• Water
• Land
Conservation
Protection of natural resources.
Recycling
Reusing waste materials to reduce pollution.
Ecosystem
Interaction of living and non-living things.
