PRESENT TENSE

Simple Present
(habitual actions)

Usamos el presente simple para:

1) Describir una acción, condición o evento que está ocurriendo en el presente, o que ha sucedido en
repetidas ocasiones. Por ejemplo: Sara lives in the USA // My husband and I watch the news every
morning.
2) Para dar instrucciones o direcciones. Por ejemplo: Take the first left and then turn on the next right.
3) Para contar historias, anécdotas o chistes. Por ejemplo: “A man comes into a restaurant and says...”
4) Para expresar verdades generales o hechos científicos. Por ejemplo: Octagons have eight sides.
5) Para referirse a eventos futuros cuando se emplean junto con un adverbio de tiempo o una frase
adverbial. Por ejemplo: The president arrives next week // The door close in 15 minutes.

Para construir el presente simple la mayor parte de los verbos se utiliza en su forma simple, excepto
para las terceras personas del singular (He/She/It) en cuyos casos se agrega una -s o -es.

AFIRMATIVE
I Study / work / awake
You
He
She Studies / works / awakes
It
You
We Study / work / awake
They

INTERROGATIVE
I
Do You
He
Does She Study / work / awake?
It
You
Do We
They

NEGATIVE
I Do not / don’t
You
He Does not /
She doesn’t Study / work / awake
It
You
We Do not / don’t
They
Present Progressive
(temporary action)

El presente progresivo se utiliza en los siguientes casos:

1) Para describir una acción que está sucediendo en este momento o por un tiempo limitado en el
futuro. Por ejemplo: Mary is working today // John is learning Spanish this year.
2) Para describir un evento futuro o un evento inesperado que sucede de manera frecuente y que
emplea el adverbio de frecuencia “always”. Por ejemplo: The teacher is always shouting at her class
// It is always snowing in winter.
3) Para mostrar acuerdo a un compromiso mediante el empleo de los verbos ‘Go/Come’. Por ejemplo:
Eric is coming here tonight.
4) Para describir un evento que va a suceder y en el cual el enunciado incluye una palabra o frase cuyo
significado es en el futuro limitado, por ejemplo: on Monday, on Tuesday, etc. In June, in July, etc.,
this afternoon, this evening, tomorrow, etc., next week, next month, next year, etc. Por ejemplo:
Michael is buying a new car next Tuesday.

AFFIRMATIVE
I Am
You are
He
She is Studying / working / awaking
It
You
We are
They

INTERROGATIVE
Am I
Are You
He
Is She Studying / working / awaking
It
You
Are We
They

NEGATIVE
I am not
You Are not
He
She Is not Studying / working / awaking
It
You
We Are not
They
 PAST TENSE
Simple Past
(event which happened in the past)

El pasado simple se emplea para:

1) Describir una acción o eventos que sucedieron en el pasado reciente o distante y que ya han
concluido. Por ejemplo: The salesman worked for six hours yesterday // My bother bought a new
house last year.
2) Para contar una historia o un chiste. Por ejemplo: A man went (go) into a pub and asked for a
beer...
3) También se utiliza frecuentemente en expresiones de tiempo como: yesterday, last night, last
month, last year, two years ago, etc.

Pasado de los verbos irregulares: aprenderlos de memoria

Pasado de verbos regulares:
La regla general para la construcción del pasado simple de los verbos irregulares es que se toma la
forma simple del verbo y se agrega -ed. Por ejemplo. I cleaned my house.

Pero hay algunas excepciones:

A) Cuando la forma simple del verbo termina en -e únicamente hay que agregar una -d. Por ejemplo: I
lived in Paris.
B) Cuando la forma base del verbo termina en una consonante seguida por una -y, se cambia por -i, y
de agrega -ed. Por ejemplo: I try hard ------> I tried hard
C) Cuando la forma base del verbo termina en -p o -it, se debe duplicar la consonante final. Por
ejemplo: To stop ----> stopped // To knit ----> knitted.

AFIRMATIVE
I
You
He
She Studied / worked / awoke
It
You
We
They

INTERROGATIVE
I
You
He
Did She Study / work / awake?
It
You
We
They

NEGATIVE
I
You
He
She Did not / didn’t Study / work / awake
It
You
We
 They

Past progressive
(temporary situation which continues to happen before and after a specific time)
Situación temporal que continúa ocurriendo antes y después de un momento específico

El pasado progresivo se utiliza:

1) Para describir un evento, actividad o situación en curso que sucedió en el pasado durante un
periodo de tiempo. Por ejemplo: On Sunday, I was walking for three hours.
2) Para describir un evento, actividad o situación que estuvo sucediendo en el pasado al mismo
tiempo que otro evento. Por ejemplo: Henry was speaking to Mary when Jane arrived.
3) Para describir una escena o situación en un relato. Por ejemplo: It was snowing and the trees were
looking beautiful.

AFFIRMATIVE
I Was
You Were
He
She was Studying / working / awaking
It
You
We were
They

INTERROGATIVE
was I
were You
He
was She Studying / working / awaking?
It
You
were We
They

NEGATIVE
I Was not / wasn’t
You Were / weren’t
He
She Was not / wasn’t Studying / working / awaking
It
You
We Were not / weren’t
They
 FUTURE TENSE

Will
Immediate future, promises, offers, decisions, predictions
Se emplea para el futuro inmediato, promesas, ofrecimientos, decisiones o predicciones

AFFIRMATIVE
I
You
He
She will come
It
You (verbo en
We forma simple)
They

She will wait for you at home

It will be warm and sunny tomorrow

INTERROGATIVE
I
You
He Come?
Will She
It (verbo en
You forma simple)
We
They

Will she wait for you at home?

Yes, she will.

Will it be cold and cloudy tomorrow?

No, it won’t

NEGATIVE
I
You
He
She Will not come
It (Won’t)
You (verbo en forma
We simple)
They

She won’t wait for you ar the movies

It won’t be cold and cloudy tomorrow
GOING TO
Plans, intentions, present evidence
Planes, intenciones, evidencia actual

AFFIRMATIVE
I am
You are
He
She is going to Play
It
You (verbo en
We are forma simple)
They

I am going to be a doctor when I grow up

It is going to rain. There are black clowds in the sky

INTERROGATIVE
am I
are You
He
is She going to Play
It
You (verbo en
are We forma simple)
They

Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up?

Yes, I am

It is going to be sunny?
No, it isn’t.

NEGATIVE
I Am not
You Are not
He
She Is not going to Play
It
You (verbo en
We Are not forma simple)
They

I’m not going to be an architect when I grow up

It isn’t going to snow