8 MARKS:
Thermodynamics
1. Define two specific heat capacities of gas and derive the relation between them on the basis of first
law of thermodynamics.
2. a) Describe the working of carnot engine. Obtain an expression for its efficiency?
b) A thermal flask containing a liquid is shaken vigorously. What happens to its temperature?
3. Obtain expression for the work done by an ideal gas in isothermal and adiabatic processes.
Oscillations
4. Derive an expression for the kinetic energy and potential energy of simple harmonic oscillator.
5. a) Define simple harmonic motion. Show that the motion of (point) projection of a particle
performing uniform circular motion, on any diameter, is simple harmonic.
b) A particle executing SHM has amplitude of 4 cm, and its acceleration at a distance of 1 cm from
the mean position is 3cms-2 . What will be the velocity when it is a distance of 2 cm from its mean
position?
6. a) Show that the motion of a simple pendulum is simple harmonic and hence derive an equation for
it’s time period. What is seconds pendulum?
b) On an average, a human heart found to beat 75 times in a minute. Calculate its frequency and
period.
Work Power Energy
7. Define work and kinetic energy. State and prove work energy theorem for constant force.
8. a) State and prove law of conservation of mechanical energy in case of freely falling body.
b) A Mission gun fires 360 bullets for minutes and each bullet travels with a velocity of 600 m/s the
mass of each bullet is 5 grams. Find the power of the mission gun?
9. Define elastic and inelastic collisions. Derive expressions for the final velocities of bodies in one
dimensional elastic collision, when one body collides with other body which is initially at rest.
10. An object is tied to a string and rotated in a vertical circle obtain expressions for speeds of the
object at the highest and lowest points, when the string becomes slack only at the highest point.
4 Marks
Motion in a Straight Line
1. Can the equations of kinematics be used when the acceleration varies with time? If not, what form
would these equations take?
2. A particle moves in a straight line with uniform acceleration. Its velocity at time t = 0 is v1 and at
time t = t is v2. The average velocity of the particle in this time interval is (v1 + v2)/2. Is this correct?
3. Can the velocity of an object be in a direction other than the direction of acceleration of the object?
If so, give an example.
4. Obtain the equation of motion s = ut + ½at² for constant acceleration using graphical method.
5. Explain the terms average velocity and instantaneous velocity. When are they equal?
6. A motorist drives north for 30 minutes at 85kmph and then stops for 15 minutes. He continues
travelling north and cover 130km in 2 hours. What is his total displacement and average velocity?
7. A car travels the first third of distance with a speed of 10kmph, the second third at 20kmph and the
last third at 60kmph. What is its mean speed over the entire distance?
8. A bullet moving with a speed of 150m/s strikes a tree and penetrates 3.5cm before stopping. What is
the magnitude of its retardation in the tree and the time taken for it to stop after striking the tree?
9. A man walks from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km/h. find the market
closed, he instantly turns and walk back home with a speed of 7.5km/h. what is the
a) Magnitude of average velocity and
b) Average speed of the man over the time interval 0 to 50 min.
Motion in a Plane
1. Using the parallelogram law of vectors, derive an expression for the magnitude and direction of the
resultant vector.
2. Define unit vector, null vector and position vector.
3. If |𝑎⃗ + 𝑏⃗| =∣ 𝑎⃗ − 𝑏⃗ ∣, prove that the angle between 𝑎⃗ and 𝑏⃗ is 0°.
4. Show that the trajectory of an object thrown at a certain angle with the horizontal is a parabola.
5. Show that the maximum height and range of a projectile are 𝑢 sin 𝜃/2𝑔 and 𝑢 sin 2𝜃/
𝑔 respectively, where the terms have their usual meanings.
6. Show that the maximum height reached by a projectile launched at an angle of 45° is one quarter of
its range.
7. If the horizontal ranges achieved by two projectiles projected at angles (45° + α) and (45° − α) from
the same point and with the same velocity are compared, then the ratio of their horizontal ranges
will be?
8. If 𝜃 is the angle of projection, 𝑅 the range, ℎ the maximum height, and 𝑇 the time of flight, then
show that
(a) tan 𝜃 = 4ℎ/𝑅 and (b) ℎ = 𝑔𝑇 /8.
9. Define centripetal acceleration. Derive an expression for the centripetal acceleration of a particle
moving with uniform speed 𝑣 along a circular path of radius 𝑟.
Laws of Motion
1. A stone of mass 0.1 kg is thrown vertically upwards. Give the magnitude and direction of the net
force on the stone (a) during its upward motion, (b) during its downward motion, (c) at the highest
point where it momentarily comes to rest.
2. Define the terms momentum and impulse. State and explain the law of conservation of linear
momentum. Give examples.
3. Why are shock absorbers used in motorcycles and cars?
4. Explain the terms limiting friction, dynamic friction and rolling friction.
5. Explain advantages and disadvantages of friction.
6. Mention the methods used to decrease friction.
7. State the laws of rolling friction.
8. Derive an expression for the maximum possible speed of a car moving on a banked road.
9. State newton second law of motion. Hence drive the equation F =ma from it.
System of Particles and Rotational Motion
1. Distinguish between centre of mass and centre of gravity.
2. Show that a system of particles moving under the influence of an external force moves as if the
force is applied at its centre of mass.
3. Define vector product and explain the properties of a vector product with two examples.
4. Define angular velocity (𝜔). Derive 𝑣 = 𝜔𝑟.
5. Define angular acceleration and torque. Establish the relation between angular acceleration and
torque.
6. Write the equations of motion for a particle rotating about a fixed axis.
7. A force 2i+j-k newton’s act on a body which is initially at rest. Art the end of 20 sec the velocity of
the body is 4i+2j-2k ms-1. What is the mas of the body.
8. Find the scalar and vector product of two vectors. A=(3i-4j+5k) and b= (-2i+j-3k).
Gravitation
1. State Kepler’s law of planetary motion.
2. Derive the relation between acceleration due to gravity (g) at the surface of a planet and the
gravitational constant (G).
3. How does the acceleration due to gravity (g) change for the same values of height (h) and
depth (d)?
4. What is orbital velocity? Obtain an expression for it.
5. What is escape velocity? Obtain an expression for it.
6. If two places are at the same height from the mean sea level, one is a mountain and the other is
in air at which place will g be greater? State the reason for your answer.
7. The weight of an object is more at the poles than the equator. At which of these locations can
we get more sugar for the same weight? State the reason for your answer.
8. If a nut becomes loose and gets detached from a satellite revolving around the earth, will it fall
down to earth or will it revolve around earth? Give reasons for your answer.
9. An object projected with a velocity greater than or equal to 11.2 km/s will not return to earth.
Explain the reason.
Mechanical Properties of Solids
1. Define Hooke’s law of elasticity, proportionality limit, permanent set and breaking stress.
2. Define Young’s modulus, bulk modulus and shear modulus.
3. Define stress and explain the types of stress.
4. Define strain and explain the types of strain.
5. Explain why steel is preferred to copper, brass and aluminium in heavy-duty machines and
structural design.
6. While constructing buildings and bridges, a pillar with distributed ends is preferred to a pillar
with rounded ends. Why?
7. Explain why the maximum height of a mountain on Earth is approximately 10 km.
Mechanical properties of fluids
1. What is atmospheric pressure? How is it determined using a barometer?
2. What is gauge pressure? How is a manometer used for measuring pressure differences?
3. State Pascal’s law and verify it with the help of an experiment.
4. Explain the working principle of hydraulic lift and hydraulic brakes.
5. What is the hydrostatic paradox?
6. Explain how pressure varies with depth in a liquid.
7. What is Torricelli’s law? How is the speed of efflux determined experimentally?
8. Explain dynamic lift with examples.
9. Explain surface tension and surface energy.
10. Explain how surface tension is measured experimentally.
Thermal properties of matter
1. Explain Celsius and Fahrenheit scales of temperature. Obtain the relation between Celsius and
Fahrenheit scales of temperature.
2. Two identical rectangular strips, one of copper and the other of steel, are riveted together to
form a compound bar. What will happen on heating?
3. Pendulum clocks generally go fast in winter and slow in summer. Why?
4. In what way is the anomalous behaviour of water advantageous to aquatic animals?
5. Explain conduction, convection and radiation with examples.
6. State and explain Newton’s law of cooling. State the conditions under which Newton’s law of
cooling is applicable.
7. Explain the triple point of water with the help of a pressure–temperature graph.
Kinetic Theory
1. Explain the kinetic interpretation of temperature.
2. How specific heat capacity of monatomic, diatomic and polyatomic gases can be explained on
the basis of law of equipartition of energy?
3. Explain the concept of absolute zero of temperature on the basis of kinetic theory.
4. Prove that the average kinetic energy of a molecule of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the
absolute temperature of gas.
5. When pressure is increased by 2%, what is the percentage decrease in the volume of a gas,
assuming Boyle’s law is obeyed?
6. What is the ratio of r.m.s. speed of oxygen and hydrogen molecules at the same temperature?
7. Four molecules of a gas have speeds 1, 2, 3 and 4 km/s. Find the r.m.s. speed of the gas
molecules.
8. If a gas has f degrees of freedom, find the ratio of Cp and Cv.
9. Calculate the average kinetic energy of 1 gram of helium at 127 °C. Given R = 8.31 J mol⁻¹
K⁻¹.
Waves
1. Discuss the speed of longitudinal sound waves in different media. Why do solids have higher
speeds of sound than gases?
2. What are standing waves? Explain the modes of vibration of a stretched string with examples.
3. Explain the modes of vibration of an air column in an open pipe.
4. Explain the modes of vibration of an air column in a closed pipe.
5. What are beats? When do they occur? Derive an expression for beat frequency.
2 Marks
Units and Measurements
1. What are significant figures and what do they represent when reporting the result of a measurement
2. Distinguish between fundamental units and derived units.
3. What are the two fundamental physical quantities used to measure angle?
4. Why do we have different units for the same physical quantity?
5. Define plane angle.
6. What is meant by dimension of a physical quantity?
7. What is meant by dimensional formula?
8. Write the physical quantities that are having Jm-1 and Jm-2 as their units.
Work Energy Power
1. State the conditions under which a force does no work.
2. Define work, power and energy. State their SI units.
3. State the relation between the kinetic energy and momentum of a body.
4. State the sign of work done by a force in the following:
a. Work done by a man lifting a bucket out of a well by means of a rope tied to the bucket.
b. Work done by gravitational force in the above case.
5. State the sign of work done by a force in the following:
a. Work done by friction on a body sliding down an inclined plane.
b. Work done by gravitational force in the above case.
6. State the sign of work done by a force in the following:
a. Work done by an applied force on a body moving on a rough horizontal plane with uniform
velocity.
b. Work done by the resistive force of air on a vibrating pendulum in bringing it to rest.
7. State if each of the following statements is true or false. Give reasons for your answer.
a. Total energy of a system is always conserved, no matter what internal and external forces on
the body are present.
b. The work done by earth’s gravitational force in keeping the moon in its orbit is zero.
Mechanical Properties of Solids
1. What is elasticity?
2. What is elastic deformation?
3. What are elastomers? Give examples.
4. What is plasticity?
5. State Hooke’s law of elasticity.
6. Define modulus of elasticity.
7. State the units and dimensions of stress.
8. State the units and dimensions of modulus of elasticity.
9. What is lateral strain?
10. What is Poisson’s ratio? What is the value of Poisson’s ratio for steel?
Mechanical Properties of Fluids
1. Define average pressure. Is it a scalar or a vector quantity?
2. What is the Magnus effect?
3. Why are liquid drops and bubbles spherical?
4. Give the expression for the excess pressure in a liquid drop.
5. Give the expression for the excess pressure in an air bubble inside the liquid.
6. Give the expression for the excess pressure in a soap bubble in air.
7. What is the angle of contact?
8. Mention two statements that obey Bernoulli’s theorem and justify them.
9. When water flows through a pipe, which layer moves fastest and slowest?
10. Explain why terminal velocity is higher for a body with a larger surface area.
11. What is the net force acting on a ball moving in air
i. without spin,
ii. with spin?
Gravitation
1. State the unit and dimensions of the universal gravitational constant (G).
2. State the vector form of Newton’s law of gravitation.
3. If the gravitational force of Earth on the moon is F, what is the gravitational force of the moon on
Earth? Does these force F acts to form an action–reaction pair.
4. What would be the change in acceleration due to gravity (g) at the surface, if the mass decreases by
2% keeping the mass of Earth constant?
5. As we go from one planet to another, how will:
i. the mass and
ii. the weight of a body change?
6. Keeping the length of a simple pendulum constant, will the time period be the same at the equator
and poles? Why?
7. Give the equation for the value of g at a depth d from the surface of Earth. What is the value at the
centre of Earth?
8. What are the factors that make g the least at the equator and maximum at the poles?
9. “Hydrogen is in abundance around the sun but not around Earth.” Explain.
Waves
1. Distinguish between longitudinal and transvers waves.
2. What is stationary and standing waves?
3. Using dimensional analysis obtain an expression for the speed of transvers wave in stretched
string.
4. Using dimensional analysis obtain an expression for the speed of sound waves in a medium.
5. What is principle of superposition of waves?
6. What do you understand by the term node and antinode?
7. What do you understand by natural frequency or normal mode of vibration?
8. What are harmonics?
9. What are beats?
10. Write down an expression for beat frequency and explain the terms therein.
Thermal properties of Matter
1. Distinguish between temperature and heat.
2. What are the lower and upper fixed points in Celsius and Fahrenheit scales?
3. Do the values of coefficients on expansion differ when temperatures are measured on Celsius or
Fahrenheit scale?
4. Can a substance contract on heating? Give an example.
5. Why gaps are left between the rails on railway tracks?
6. What is latent heat of fusion?
7. What is latent heat of vaporization?
8. Why are utensils coated black? Why the bottom of the utensils are made of copper?
9. State Wien’s displacement law.
10. Ventilators are provided in rooms just below the roof. Why?
11. Does the body radiate heat of 0 K ? Does it radiate heat at 00 C?
12. State the different modes of transmission of heat. Which of these modes require medium?
13. Define coefficient of thermal conductivity and temperature gradient.
14. Define emissivity.
15. Define absorptive power of a body. What is the absorptive power of a perfect black body.
16. State Newton's law of cooling.
17. State the condition under which Newton’s law of cooling is applicable.
18. The roof of buildings is coated with white or red during summer. Why?
Motion in a Straight Line
1. The state of rest and of motion are relative. Explain.
2. Is it necessary that the direction of acceleration and velocity of a body should be the same? Give
an example.
3. Is it possible for a body to have acceleration but zero velocity? Give an example.
4. Which is greater, a velocity of 25 m/s or 72 km/h?
5. Give an example of one dimensional motion when a particle moving along a straight line comes
to rest, what is the nature of its displacement–time graph?
6. A vehicle moves equal distances L with speed of V1 and another with V2, what is the average
speed?
7. A boy covers a distance of 5 m along a semi-circular path from one end to another end. What is
the ratio between distances travelled to displacement?
8. The displacement of a body is given by s = 2t+5t2. What is the acceleration of the body?
9. An object falling through a fluid is observed to have an acceleration given by a = g-bv, where g
is acceleration and v is [Link] a long time it is observed to fall with a constant velocity.
What would be the value of the constant velocity.
10. Under what circumstances is the relationship s=vt valid?
Motion in a Plane
1. What are scalars and vectors?
2. State Triangle Law of vector addition.
3. When two right angled vectors of magnitudes 3 units and 4 units combine, what is the
magnitude of their resultant?
4. Can two vectors of unequal magnitudes add to give the zero vector? Can three unequal vectors
add up to give the zero vector?
5. If vertical component of velocity is equal to its horizontal component, what is the angle made
by the velocity with X‑axis?
6. Two forces of magnitudes 3 units and 5 units act at 600 with each other. What is the magnitude
of their resultant?
7. Why does the vertical component of velocity of a projectile change with time, whereas the
horizontal component of the velocity remains constant in parabolic path?
Laws of Motion
1. What is inertia? What gives the measure of inertia?
2. When a bullet is fired from a gun, the gun gives a kick in the backward direction. Explain.
3. If a bomb at rest explodes into 2 pieces, the pieces must travel in opposite directions. Explain.
4. Define force. What are the basic forces in nature?
5. State the SI unit and dimensions of linear momentum.
6. State the SI units and dimensions of impulse.
7. Can the coefficient of friction be greater than one? Give the reason.
8. Why does one car with a flat tyre stop more than the one with inflated tyres?
9. A horse has to pull harder during the start of a motion than later. Explain.
10. What happens to the coefficient of friction if the weight of the body is doubled
11. Write the expression for maximal possible speed of a car on a level road
Thermodynamics
1. Define thermal equilibrium. How does it lead to zeroth law of thermo dynamics .
2. Define calorie. What is the relation between calorie and mechanical equivalent of heat?
3. What specific heat capacity of the substance. On what factors does it depend?
4. Define molar specific heat capacity.
5. For a solid, what is the total energy of an oscillator?
6. Indicate the graph showing the variation of specific heat of water with temperature. What does
it signify?
7. Define state variable and equation of a state.
8. In summer, when the value of a bicycle tube is opened, the escaping air appears cold. Why?
9. Why does the brake drum of an automobile get heated up while moving down at constant speed
?
10. Can a room be cooled by leaving the door of an electric refrigerator open?
11. A sound wave is sent into a gas pipe. Does its internal energy change?
12. How much will be the internal energy change in isothermal process adiabatic process?
13. The coolant in a chemical or a nuclear reactor plant should have high specific heat. Why?
14. Explain the following process isochoric process isobaric process?
Kinetic Theory Of Gas
1. Define mean free path?
2. How does kinetic theory justify Avogadro’s hypothesis and slow that number in different gases
is same?
3. When does a real gas behaves like an ideal gas?
4. State Boyle’s law and Charles law ?
5. State Dalton’s law partial pressures ?
6. Pressures of an ideal gas in container is independent of shape of the container explain?
7. Explain the concept degree of freedom for a molecule of a gas?
8. What is the expression between pressure and kinetic energy of a gas molecule?
9. The absolute temperature of a gas is increased 3 times . what will be the increase in rms velocity
of the gas molecule?
System Of Particles
1. Is it necessary that a mass should be present at the center of mass any system? Give an example.
2. Two rigid bodies have same moment of inertia about their axes of symmetry. Of the two , which
body will have greater kinetic energy .
3. Why are spokes provided in a bicycle wheel?
4. We cannot open or close the door by applying force at the hinges. why?
5. Why do we prefer a spanner of longer arm as compared to the spanner of shorter arm?
6. By spinning eggs on a table top, how will you distinguish in hard boiled egg from a raw egg?
7. Why should a helicopter necessarily have two propellers?
8. If the polar ice caps of the earth were to melt, what would be the effect of the length of the day
be?
9. Why is it easier to balance a bicycle in motion?
Oscillations
1. Give two examples of periodic motion which are not oscillatory.
2. The displacement in SHM is given by [y = a sin (20 t + 4)]. What is the displacement when it is
increased by ?
3. A girl is swinging seated in a swing. What is the effect on the frequency of oscillation if: she
girl stands up in the swing?
4. The bob of a simple pendulum is a hollow sphere filled with water. How will the period of the
pendulum be affected if the water leaks out of the hollow sphere?
5. A bob of a simple pendulum is made of wood. What will be the effect on the time period, if the
Wooden bob is replaced by an identical bob of aluminium.
6. Will a pendulum clock gain or loss time, when taken to the top of a mountain?
7. A pendulum clock gives correct time at the equator. Will it gain or loss time if it talen to the
poles? If so why?
8. What fraction of the total energy is kinetic energy when the displacement is half of the
amplitude of a particle executing SHM?
9. What happens to the energy of a simple harmonic oscillator change if its amplitude is doubled?
10. Can a simple pendulum be used in an artificial satellite? Why?
