REVIEWER IN CSS
PAKYU ALLEN CRUZ
1.1 Personal Computers
• Electrical Safety – Following rules to prevent fires, injuries, and damage when
handling electricity.
• ESD (Electrostatic Discharge) – Sudden flow of static electricity that can damage
computer parts.
1.2 PC Components
• Case – Enclosure that houses the computer’s internal components.
• Power Supply – Converts AC electricity into low-voltage DC power for computer
parts.
• Motherboard – Main circuit board that connects and controls all components.
• Chipset – Set of circuits that manage data flow between CPU, memory, and
devices.
• CPU (Central Processing Unit) – The brain of the computer that executes
commands.
• Cooling System – Keeps components at safe temperatures using fans or heat
sinks.
• RAM (Random Access Memory) – Temporary storage that holds data and programs
while in use.
• ROM (Read-Only Memory) – Permanent memory storing essential startup
instructions.
• Adapter Card – A board that adds or improves computer functions (e.g., video,
sound).
• Storage Device – Hardware that permanently stores data (HDD, SSD, optical).
• Magnetic Storage – Stores data using magnetic fields (e.g., Hard Disk Drive).
• Solid-State Storage (SSD) – Faster storage using flash memory with no moving
parts.
• Optical Storage – Uses lasers to read/write data on CDs, DVDs, or Blu-ray discs.
• Video Port – Connector for display devices (HDMI, VGA, DisplayPort).
• Input Device – Hardware that allows users to enter data (keyboard, mouse,
scanner).
• Output Device – Hardware that displays or produces results (monitor, printer,
speaker).
LESSON:2
2.1 Boot the Computer
• POST – A self-test that checks hardware during startup.
• BIOS – Firmware that manages communication between hardware and the OS.
• CMOS – A chip that stores BIOS settings powered by a battery.
• UEFI – Modern firmware that supports large drives, secure boot, and better security.
2.2 Electrical Power
• Voltage – The force that moves electrical charges.
• Current – The flow of electrons in a circuit.
• Resistance – Opposition to current flow.
• Power – Energy consumed per second (Watts).
• Power Fluctuations – Irregular voltage conditions like blackout, brownout, spike, or
surge.
• Surge Protector – Device that protects equipment from spikes/surges.
• UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply) – Provides backup power and stable
electricity.
2.3 Advanced Computer Functionality
• RISC CPU – Uses a small set of simple instructions.
• CISC CPU – Uses a larger set of complex instructions.
• Hyper-Threading – Intel technology that allows multiple tasks on one CPU core.
• HyperTransport – AMD technology for fast CPU-to-chipset communication.
• Overclocking – Forcing CPU to run faster than rated speed.
• CPU Throttling – Slowing CPU speed to save power or reduce heat.
• Virtualization – CPU feature that allows multiple OS to run on one machine.
• Multicore Processor – A chip with multiple CPU cores for faster performance.
• GPU – Processor dedicated to graphics tasks.
• RAID – Method of combining multiple drives for speed, redundancy, or both.
2.4 Computer Upgrades
• Motherboard Upgrade – Replacing the mainboard to support new hardware.
• CPU Upgrade – Installing a faster processor with proper cooling.
• Storage Upgrade – Adding or replacing drives for more space or speed.
• Peripheral Upgrade – Replacing input/output devices for better performance.
• Power Supply Upgrade – Increasing wattage to support upgraded components.
• Thick Client – Standard computer with its own OS and apps.
• Thin Client – Lightweight computer that depends on a server.
• NAS (Network Attached Storage) – A dedicated device for file storage over a
network.
2.5 Protecting the Environment
• E-Waste – Old electronics that must be properly recycled.
• Safe Disposal – Proper recycling of batteries, cartridges, and chemicals.
• SDS (Safety Data Sheet) – Document with safety and disposal guidelines for
hazardous materials.
LESSON:3
TRALALELO TRILLANA
POST – Startup test that checks hardware before loading the OS.
• BIOS – Firmware that controls hardware and starts the computer.
• CMOS – Chip storing BIOS settings and system time.
• Power Fluctuation Types – Variations in electricity like blackout, brownout,
spike, surge.
• Power Protection Devices – Tools like UPS and surge protectors that prevent
power damage.
• Enhancing CPU Operation – Methods to boost CPU performance through
cooling, power, and tuning.
• RAID Concepts – Disk configurations that improve speed, storage, or data safety.
• Legacy Ports – Old connection ports like VGA, serial, and PS/2.
• SATA Cables and Connectors – Cables that connect storage drives for data and
power.
• Monitor Characteristics – Features that define screen quality such as resolution
and refresh rate.
• Monitor Terms – Technical screen definitions like aspect ratio, brightness, and
contrast.
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