1A7I217
Part 1
Questions 1-10
Complete the form below.
Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
ORDER FORM
Name: 1 Freeman
Title of book: 2
Author: Richard 3
Type of book: 4
Price: 5£
Payment method: 6
Delivery address: 7 , London N22
Delivery type: 8
Delivery date: 9
Delivery instructions: If out leave with a 10
Part 2
Questions 11-16
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
11. What will wake people up in the home of the future?
A . Body temperature.
B . The sound of an alarm clock.
C . The movement of the bed.
12. What will shoes be able to do by themselves?
A . Walk faster.
B . Play music.
C . Float on air.
13. What kind of clothes will people be wearing?
A . Clothes that make us more intelligent.
B . Clothes that can interpret how we are feeling.
C . Clothes that are powered by electricity.
14. What can the house do?
A . Control the shower temperature.
B . Turn off the taps.
C . Wash your back.
15. What will the Internet be able to do?
A . Understand when you are worried
B . Project what’s in your fridge.
C . Help find something you've lost.
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16. What will the fridge do when people are low on milk?
A . Deliver the milk.
B . Send an email to the shop.
C . Defrost some in the freezer.
Questions 17-20
Label the map below.
Write the correct letter, A-F, next to questions 17-20.
The living room of the future
17 television
18 temperature control
19 bookcase
20 computer keyboard
Part 3
Questions 21-25
Choose FIVE letters, A-H.
Which FIVE things has Sally already done?
A . emailed four businesses E . read A Starting Success
B . written up results F . skimmed a document
C . contacted three businesses G . borrowed a book
D . started writing the assignment H . researched data
Questions 26-30
Complete the flow-chart below.
Choose FIVE answers from the box and choose the correct letter, A-G, for questions 26-30.
A beginning D language G scales
B choices E opening
C document F questions
How to write a questionnaire
Keep your 26 ___________ simple
Try to make the 27 ___________ of the document interesting.
Make sure that the 28 ___________ uses standard terms that aren’t too formal or informal
Limit or avoid open questions.
Use simple 29 ___________ to make it quicker for the recipient.
Put your 30 ___________ in a logical order.
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Part 4
Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.
Impact of Urbanization
The effects of urbanization:
Example: in the U.S.
only 31 of land built on
loss of 32 far larger
Could impact on world 33 in future
Research methods:
a weather 34 for clouds was used
land use divided into 35 .
data used to calculate the 36 of all areas
Results:
urban areas often built on the 37 .
a second study confirmed that prime land is being converted
38 of vegetation is lost per annum
The future:
countries such as 39 and need to do investigations
stop investing in infrastructure in areas of fertile land
encourage people to move by giving them 40 .
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READING PASSAGE 1 1A7I217
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1.
Sound’s Disturbance
In a self-imposed solitary confinement, 22-year old Tom Wonnacott, a Princeton graduate student, spent four
days lying in a lightless, sound-proofed isolation chamber. Unable to see or hear, he also wore thick gloves
to restrict his sense of touch. Wonnacott volunteered to undergo this experience to help US-
based psychologists find out what happens to people isolated from the outside world and deprived of
the normaluse of their senses. While over a longer period of time such extremes of silence in conjunction with
sensory deprivation are harmful, there are many today who are in search of quieter areas.
An over-abundance of noise has always been a significant environmental issue for man. In ancient Rome, rules
existed to ensure that the noise emitted from the large iron wheels of wagons which rolled over the stones on the
pavements and caused disruption of sleep and annoyance was minimised by allowing people to travel only
during certain times. The same rules existed in Medieval Europe. To ensure inhabitants were given the best
chance at a peaceful night’s sleep, in some cities, horse-drawn carriages and horseback riding were not allowed
at night time. However when today’s noise problems arc compared with the noise pollution problems of the past
they are almost incomparable.
An immense number of vehicles of various shapes and sizes are regularly driven around and through most of the
world’s cities and countrysides. Loud, large diesel engines power the enormous trucks that roll around highways
day and night. Aircraft and trains add to the environmental noise scenario. In industry, machinery emits high
noise levels and amusement parks and pleasure vehicles distract leisure time and relaxation. One hundred years
ago, environmental experts predicted that in the 21st century there would be a shortage of water and silence.
They were correct. Silence is scarce. More and more silence is drowned out by sound.
A lack of knowledge about the effects of noise pollution on humans in comparison to other pollutants has been
lacking as an area of research. Although it has been generally regarded that noise pollution is primarily a ‘luxury’
problem – for those developed countries able to afford the purchase price of large quantities of loud, noisy
machinery – it is actually a fact that due to bad planning and poor construction of buildings, noise exposure is
often higher in developing countries. This means that regardless of the economic status of a particular country,
the effects of noise are just as widespread and the long-term consequences for health the
same. Therefore, practical action plans based upon proper scientific evaluation of available data on the effects of
noise exposure, with the express purpose of limiting and controlling the exposure of people to environmental
noise is a most worthwhile undertaking.
It has been well established that exposure to loud noises for extended periods of time causes trauma to the inner
ear and often results in irreversible hearing loss. When it initially receives sound, the human ear actually
amplifies it by a factor of 20. In 1965, in a remote part of Ghana, scientists went about studying the impact of
‘insignificant’ exposure to industrial noise and transportation. In tandem, the Ghanese group was compared with
a control group in industrial USA. A number of startling conclusions were drawn from the experiments. For
example, both locations revealed that aging is an almost insignificant cause of hearing loss. Instead it was show-
n that chronic exposure to moderately high levels of environmental noise led to hearing loss. Cardiovascular
complaints also emerged from among those with prolonged exposure to industrial noise above 70 dBA. In fact,
over a single eight-hour period, it was shown that participants experienced a rise in blood pressure thus
indicating noise pollution contributes to human stress levels. If this was not alarming enough, also noted was
an increase in the incidence of heart disease.
The findings from various noise studies had the effect of changing the perspectives of many of the world’s
governments. Whereas noise had been considered a ‘nuisance’ rather than an environmental problem, laws
were made to protect citizens against it. In the United States and Ghana, federal standards for highway and
aircraft noise were introduced. State governments created noise regulations pertaining to building codes, urban
planning and road construction. In Canada and the EU, noise laws are the domainof local governments.
Activities in those countries deemed mandatory such as the collection of rubbish or some medical services are
the only allowed exceptions to what otherwise are quiet local neighbourhood zones.
Typically, quiet times in neighbourhoods are between 6am and 10pm with restrictedhigher decibel levels after
these hours. What happens if these quite times are violated? Unfortunately, the enforcement of noise laws has
proven problematic for many local governments with enforcement agencies often not following up on noise
complaints. For persistent nuisances, individuals may seek compensation through the local courts and in some
cities, police are authorised to impound such things as stereos and cars. These are extreme cases; most issues
are handled by negotiation between the emitter and the receiver.
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Questions 1-7
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?
In boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 . Noise pollution is a relatively new pollution.
2 . Experts forecasted that water and noise pollution would be major future problems.
3 . Noise pollution seems to be a bigger problem in richer, developed countries.
4 . Noises that enter the human ear are actually heard louder than they really are.
5 . There is a strong relationship between hearing loss and age.
6 . Loud noise exposure studies have caused government changes.
7 . In Canada, police monitor the level of noise in local neighbourhoods.
Questions 8 – 9
Choose TWO letters, A-G.
The list of problems below can be caused by exposure to high noise levels.
Which TWO are mentioned by the writer of the text?
A . increased ear sensitivity
B . reduced reaction time
C . increased aging of the body
D . heart disease
E . stomach cancer
F . sleep apnea
G . increased blood pressure
Questions 10 – 13
Classify the following features as applying to
A. people from the USA
B. people from Ghana
C. both people from the USA and Ghana
Write the correct letter A, B or C, in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.
10 . individuals participated in a noise study
11 . conducted a silence study
12 . introduced air traffic regulations
13 . the relationship between industrial noise and blood pressure
READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14 – 26 which are based on Reading Passage 2.
UNEARTHING JÓRVÍK
A. From 1976 to 1981 in what is now known as the city of York in North Yorkshire,
England, an archaeological dig was conducted in and around the street of Coppergate.
This excavation played a most significant part in bringing to life the Viking kingdom of
Jorvik.
B. Because most artifacts are made of materials which arc readily destroyed by Ore,
coming across an abundance of them after so many years is indeed a rare thing. The five-
year excavation in and around the street of Coppergate by the York Archaeological Trust ,
managed to uncover some breathtakingly well-preserved remains of Jorvik. Due to the
unusual abundance of dense, anoxic wet clay, Jorvik’s mostly timber buildings, pits and
wells, work areas and animal pens were remarkably very much intact.
C. Most commonly, household items from long ago were made of organic material and therefore tended to
decompose completely in oxygen-rich soil. However, the complete lack of oxygen in the earth meant that decay
bacteria was unable to break down the embedded Viking objects. An oxygen-free organic ‘cocoon’ comprising a
mix of plant debris, including remains of plants, wood chips, twigs, straw used for bedding and thatch used in
building, created an environment which enabled archaeologists to uncover an abundance of relics left over from
a period dating back to the 10th century. Excavations of up to nine meters comprising numerous layers of
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deposits uncovered a number of household articles such as pottery and eating utensils as well as items made of
wood and leather – all remarkably well-preserved. Many beautifully-decorated combs were among the most
common items found at Coppergate. Combs at various stages of production, from sawn off-cuts of antler to the
finished product, were all uncovered at the site.
D. The unusual number of combs found in the area indicated to archaeologists that there had
been significant head lice infestations during the period. Head lice continue to be a menace in many parts of the
world today and. excavations in the area revealed that such was the case for the residents of Jorvik. Though
probably not too harmful to their health, also uncovered in the stomachs of many of the residents were parasitic
worms, some of them up to a third of a metre long. Given the close proximity of household waste (food scraps,
shells, bones) to houses, archaeologists deduced that sanitation in the area was generally poor. This poor
sanitation would have impacted upon life expectancy with records indicating that most people did not live beyond
the age of 50.
E. Archaeologists are concerned with studying the environment of a past civilisation and, like a detective, try to
reconstruct a picture of what life in a particular area must have been like. Remains from the city of Jorvik told
archaeologists a story about life in the Viking kingdom. A cap made of silk which was uncovered indicated a
connection with the Byzantine Empire and beyond. Coins bearing inscriptions from the Uzbekistan city of
Samarkand and a cowrie shell indicated contact with the Persian Gulf or Red Sea tus showing how far some of
the inhabitants must have traveled. Also uncovered side-by-side were Christian and pagan objects probably
indicating that Christians were probably not in power at the time.
F. It was clear from the wide range of everyday items uncovered that under the Vikings, Jorvik excelled as an
important manufacturing center. The name ‘Coppergate’ means ‘the street of cup-makers’ in the old Norse
language and further illustrated the manufacturing nature of the area as hundreds of wooden cores – the waste
or off-cuts from wooden bowls and cups – were found in the area. This evidence points to a well-developed
wood-working industry with the mass production of household wooden items. Another excavated area uncovered
yet another manufacturing industry: metal work. Iron objects such as tools and knives for everyday purposes as
well as moulds for making various types of jewellry were all uncovered. Shoemakers and repairers also were
in significant number. Belts, straps, pouches, knife sheaths and piles of leather off-cuts all evidenced a thriving
leather-craft trade. Balls of beeswax used to lubricate the needles as they passed through the leather were all
tell-tail signs of a flourishing industry. Textile making materials such as needles and spindles to hold material
were also uncovered.
G. Re-created from the excavation of just four Viking-Age house plots, the small Jorvik Viking Centre which was
opened in April 1984 reminds tourists and visitors of life long ago. Using innovative interpretive methods,
the York Archaeological Trust has recreated a model of what they believe the city of Jorvik would have been
like. Mid 10th century single-storey homes with upright posts supporting thatched roofs, open fireplaces and
simple earthen floors have all been constructed.
Questions 14 -15
Choose TWO letters, A-F.
Write the correct letters in boxes 14-15 on your answer sheet.
The list below gives some factors which may explain why the artifacts at Jorvik were so well preserved.
Which TWO reasons are mentioned by the writer of the passage?
A . the complete absence of fires
B . the clay
C . the lack of oxygen in the soil
D . the organic composition of the artifacts
E . the abundance of decay bacteria
F . the combination of plants, wood chips and twigs in the area
Questions 16 -21
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer?
In boxes 16-21 on your answer sheet write YES NO NOT GIVEN
16 . The archaeological findings in Jorvik are unusual.
17 . The number of combs discovered evidence large-scale head lice problems in J6rvik.
18 . Poor standards in cleanliness resulted in shorter life-spans.
19 . Most of the town of Jorvik has now been uncovered by archaeologists.
20 . Coins from Samarkand indicated that Jorvik had visitors from other countries.
21 . Coppergate was so called because many cups were made in the area.
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Questions 22-26
Reading Passage 2 has seven paragraphs, A-G.
Which paragraph contains the following information?
Write the correct letter, A-G in boxes 22-26 on your answer sheet.
NB You may use any letter more than once.
22 examples of the types of industries in Jorvik
23 a reference to the material used in mid-10th century bedding in Jorvik
24 a reference to the number of Viking homes uncovered in Jorvik
25 a simple job definition
26 an example of an annoying type of insect
READING PASSAGE 3
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3.
It is no small intellectual task that a child learns a language. In order to begin
to communicate, a young child must first gain an understanding of
the internal structure of a system that, in reality, contains tens of thousands of
units, all generated from a small set of basic building blocks. In the case of
English, these basic building blocks’ are the alphabet and the units’ are words.
Although initially, a child may be able to grasp and manipulate the basic letters of
a language to form an infinite number of units’, he or she must progress to
another higher form of comprehension – the understanding that only a subset of
those combinations is correct – what are actual meaningful words. Somehow, a
young child must become familiar with the structure of a particular language
system such that he or she can use it to communicate with others.
Given the complexity of the process of language acquisition, the question of how infants learn to speak in their native
language so rapidly is an interesting one. Among linguists, the answer to this question has been researched and
debated for decades. Some researchers think that the answer to the question – if indeed there is one – may unlock a
secret to faster language acquisition amongst older people. Over the years, experiments where researchers have
devised an artificial language that contained certain aspects of natural language structure have been tried. The
artificial language was presented to the infants one ‘piece’ or ‘sample’ at a time. Once they became familiar with one
piece of the language, another piece from the same artificial language was introduced. Once the infant appeared
comfortable with this process, a piece of real or bona fide language was introduced. The researchers then measured
such things as surprise and interest shown in the new language samples to determine whether or not the infant related
to them as being completely new or as being more of what had been previously learned. The infant’s reactions to the
new stimuli helped linguists to determine what mechanisms underpin the first stages of language acquisition.
Experiments like this have uncovered some astonishing facts namely the rate at which an infant, even as young as 7
or 8 months, can take on the new’ information. Some infants demonstrated the ability to process the new information
after as little as 3 minutes of exposure. Their young minds were able to structure the linguistic input into relevant and
ultimately meaningful units of information.
Much of a child’s future social and intellectual development hinges upon their ability to acquire language. For this
reason, language acquisition is one of the key milestones in early childhood development. Many child development
experts encourage parents to start talking to their infant from the day of their birth. Some researchers maintain that the
best way for a child to learn is to simply hear language as those around them talk. Repetition of structures seems to be
a logical and academically defensible method of child language acquisition. Quite a large body of research has shown
that optimal language development occurs when the same stories are read over and over again to young children. In
one experiment, a mother exposed her son to only one book for nearly two years. The results were that the child
spoke much earlier than his other siblings and was able to recite 90% of the text on each page by the age of two.
Other studies have revealed that a knowledge of nursery rhymes among three-year-olds has been
a significant predictor of later reading skill.
These examples of language learning, processing and producing, represent just a few of the many developments
between birth and the eventual linguistic maturity that most children naturally attain. It is during this early period that
children discover the raw materials in the sounds of their language, learn how they are assembled into longer strings,
and then used in meaningful contexts. These processes unfold simultaneously,requiring children to organise the code
of communication that surrounds them. Even though each layer is complex, young children readily solve the linguistic
puzzles they encounter.
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Regardless of the methods employed, the acquisition of a language is not an automatic process but rather one that
occurs as a result of a process of learning. If a child does not take on a new language, then isolation and withdrawal
often accompany learning difficulties and poor academic performance.
Questions 27 – 31 29. An ‘artificial language’
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. A . is a new form of communication amongst young children.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer B . was used as a contrast with real language.
sheet. C . was devised slowly, over a considerable period of time.
D . is a mixture of real and artificial words.
27. According to the writer, an ‘internal language
structure’ 30. According to the writer, infant surprise and interest
A . consists only of the alphabet. A . indicated infant intelligence.
B . is the starting point for communication. B . was greater amongst infants exposed to a bona fide
C . comprises an infinite number of words. language.
D . is another term for linguistic comprehension. C . revealed how language is initially learned.
D . were die most dependable indicators of gauging infant
28. The writer states that understanding a reaction to new stimuli.
language occurs
A . once the learner understands the ‘basic building 31. What greatly surprised researchers of infant
blocks’. language acquisition was
B . once the learner grasps the ‘units’ of a language. A . how readily participants demonstrated an ability to learn
C . once the alphabet is learned. new languages.
D . naturally, as soon as a child is old enough. B . how quickly the infants learned to verbally communicate.
C . how young the participants in the experiment were.
D . how quickly some infants learned new information.
Questions 32 – 35
Complete the summary.
Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 32-35 on your answer sheet.
If a child does not 32 in early childhood, he or she will be greatly restricted in both the ability to interact
with others and academic growth and development.
To teach infants language, some researchers recommend that they 33 it, while others feel
that34 is the most effective way for them to learn.
Regardless of which method of language acquisition is used, most children reach35 as they grow and
develop.
Questions 36 – 39
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer?
In boxes 36-40 on your answer sheet write YES NO NOT GIVEN
36 Understanding how children learn language may help adults learn language.
37 The reactions of infants to artificial languages were quite similar.
38 Learning about, organising and then using sounds occurs regularly among children.
39 Language learning ability impacts upon writing ability.
Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C, D or E.
Write your answer in box 40 on your answer sheet.
What is the best title for Reading Passage 3?
A . Clues for adult language learning.
B . Language acquisition in infants and young children.
C . Measuring speaking ability amongst infants.
D . Acquiring language: The key to future learning.
E . Experiments in infant language acquisition
