MCQs – Positioning & Navigation (GNSS)
Faculty of Engineering – Ain Shams University
1. GNSS stands for:
A) Global Network Satellite System
B) Global Navigation Satellite System
C) Geographical Navigation Satellite System
D) Global Navigation Signal System
2. Which of the following is NOT a GNSS constellation?
A) GPS
B) GLONASS
C) Galileo
D) INS
3. Galileo system is operated by:
A) USA
B) Russia
C) European Union
D) China
4. BeiDou navigation system belongs to:
A) USA
B) Russia
C) Europe
D) China
5. IRNSS is developed by:
A) Japan
B) India
C) China
D) Europe
6. QZSS is mainly associated with:
A) USA
B) Japan
C) China
D) Russia
7. GNSS is mainly used for:
A) Communication only
B) Positioning and navigation
C) Weather prediction
D) Broadcasting
8. Which is NOT a GNSS application?
A) Shipping
B) Railways
C) Earth studies
D) Nuclear cooling
9. Waypoint navigation refers to:
A) Finding shortest distance
B) Navigation between predefined points
C) Measuring speed only
D) Orientation only
10. Orientation using GNSS refers to:
A) Speed measurement
B) Altitude determination
C) Compass direction
D) Distance measurement
11. Minimum number of satellites required for 3D positioning is:
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
12. Four satellites are required to solve for:
A) x, y only
B) x, y, z only
C) position and clock bias
D) velocity only
13. Satellite ranging means measuring:
A) Satellite velocity
B) Distance to satellite
C) Satellite angle
D) Satellite power
14. Code range measurement depends on:
A) Phase difference
B) Doppler shift
C) Travel time of code
D) Signal power
15. Code range is calculated by multiplying travel time by:
A) Frequency
B) Wavelength
C) Speed of light
D) Orbital speed
16. Phase range measurement uses:
A) Code signal
B) Carrier phase
C) Noise signal
D) Doppler frequency
17. Phase range provides accuracy in the order of:
A) Kilometers
B) Meters
C) Centimeters
D) Tens of meters
18. Carrier phase measurements are more accurate because of:
A) Lower noise
B) Longer wavelength
C) Shorter wavelength
D) Higher power
19. Which ranging technique is more accurate?
A) Code range
B) Phase range
C) Doppler range
D) Amplitude range
20. Code range measurements are also called:
A) True ranges
B) Pseudoranges
C) Carrier ranges
D) Absolute ranges
21. GNSS consists of how many main segments?
A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
22. Which segment contains satellites?
A) User
B) Control
C) Space
D) Ground
23. Control segment is responsible for:
A) Receiving signals
B) Monitoring satellites
C) User navigation
D) Signal transmission only
24. GNSS receivers belong to which segment?
A) Space
B) Control
C) User
D) Ground
25. GPS control segment consists of:
A) Satellites only
B) Monitoring and control stations
C) User devices
D) Antennas only
26. Handheld GNSS receivers belong to:
A) Space segment
B) Control segment
C) User segment
D) Ground segment
27. Dual-frequency receivers can reduce:
A) Multipath error
B) Ionospheric error
C) Receiver noise
D) Clock bias
28. Multi-constellation receivers can use signals from:
A) One GNSS only
B) Two satellites only
C) Multiple GNSS systems
D) One frequency only
29. Which receiver provides highest reliability?
A) Single-frequency
B) Dual-frequency
C) Multi-frequency multi-constellation
D) Handheld only
30. Single-frequency receivers mainly suffer from:
A) Tropospheric errors
B) Ionospheric delays
C) Clock drift only
D) Multipath only
31. IMU stands for:
A) Integrated Measurement Unit
B) Inertial Measurement Unit
C) Internal Motion Unit
D) Integrated Motion Unit
32. IMU consists of:
A) GNSS and radar
B) Gyroscope and accelerometer
C) Magnetometer and camera
D) LiDAR and odometer
33. A 3-axis accelerometer measures:
A) Angular velocity
B) Linear acceleration
C) Position
D) Orientation
34. A 3-axis gyroscope measures:
A) Speed
B) Linear displacement
C) Angular velocity
D) Distance
35. Magnetometer sensors are used as:
A) Speed sensors
B) Distance sensors
C) Compass sensors
D) Height sensors
36. LiDAR sensors are mainly used for:
A) Direction measurement
B) Obstacle detection
C) Time synchronization
D) Signal processing
37. Odometer sensors measure:
A) Speed or distance traveled
B) Orientation only
C) Altitude only
D) Signal phase
38. RADAR sensors are based on:
A) Light waves
B) Sound waves
C) Radio waves
D) Infrared waves
39. Ultrasonic sensors operate using:
A) Light waves
B) Sound waves
C) Radio waves
D) Magnetic waves
40. Digital cameras are used in navigation for:
A) Image-based localization
B) Signal ranging
C) Time synchronization
D) Satellite control
Answers
1.B
2.D
3.C
4.D
5.B
6.B
7.B
8.D
9.B
10.C
11.C
12.C
13.B
14.C
15.C
16.B
17.C
18.C
19.B
20.B
21.B
22.C
23.B
24.C
25.B
26.C
27.B
28.C
29.C
30.B
31.B
32.B
33.B
34.C
35.C
36.B
37.A
38.C
39.B
40.A
