MATH :>
● Examining financial fields for
academic as well as statistical
studies.
QUARTILES are points that divide the
Illustrating The Measures ranked data into four equal parts. Each set
of data has three quartiles.
of Position for Ungrouped
Data 1. First quartile (Q1) is the value in the data
set such that 25% of the data points are less
than this value and 75% of the data set is
Median greater than this value.
● The median divides the distribution 2. Second quartile (Q2) is the value in the
into two equal parts. It is a point of data set such that 50% of the data points are
distribution where one-half of the less than this value and 50% of the data set
distribution lies below it or above it. are greater than this value.
1. Arrange the numbers from smallest to 3. Third quartile (Q3) is the value such that
largest. 75% of the values are less than this value
2. The number in the middle is the median. and 25% of the values are greater than this
If there are two middle numbers, add them value.
and divide by two.
4. Interquartile range is the difference
between the upper quartile (Q3) and the
Measures of Position lower quartile (Q1) in a set of data.
● They are techniques that divide a
set of data into equal groups. MENDENHALL AND SINCICH METHOD
DIFFERENT MEASURES OF POSITION ● Arrange the data in ascending order
or from lowest value to highest
1. Quartiles value.
2. Deciles
3. Percentiles ● Find the n or the total number of
elements presented in the data.
Quartiles can be applied when:
● Dealing with large amount of data, ● Find the n the least value and the
which includes the timely results for greatest value of the data
standardized test in school, etc.
● Trying to discover the smallest as ● LOWER QUARTILE (L) = Position of
well as the largest values in a given 𝑸𝟏 = 𝟏/𝟒 (𝒏+𝟏) then round to the
distribution nearest integer. If L falls halfway
between two integers, round up. The ● It is often required to interpolate,
Lth element is the lower quartile i.e., estimate the value of that
value (Q1). function for an intermediate value
of the independent variable.
● MIDDLE QUARTILE (M) / MEDIAN = ● We need to use the interpolation if
Position of 𝑸𝟐 = 𝟏/𝟐 (𝒏+𝟏). The the value of the position is in
middle value is between the lowest decimal form.
value and the largest value.
● UPPER QUARTILE (U) = Position of
𝑸𝟑 = 𝟑/𝟒 (𝒏+𝟏) Then round to the
Steps:
nearest integer. If U falls halfway
● Arrange the scores in ascending
between two integers, round down.
order
The Uth element is the upper quartile
● Locate the position of the score in
value (Q3).
the distribution.
● Since the result is in decimal
Ex.
number, proceed to linear
interpolation.
● Find the difference between the two
values where 𝑄_1 is located.
● Multiply the result in step 2 by the
decimal part obtained in step 4.
● Add the result in step 5 to the
second smaller number in step 4.
Ex.
Linear Interpolation
● A method of finding the quartile
value.
● Is a method of constructing new
data points within the range of
discrete sets of known data points.
● 𝐷8 divides the set of data into the
lower 80% and the upper 20%.
● 𝐷9 divides the set of data into the
lower 90% and the upper 10%.
Ex.
Deciles - are the nine score points which
divide a distribution into ten equal parts.
Percentile
● are the ninety-nine score points
● 𝐷1 divides the set of data into the
which divide a distribution into one
lower 10% and the upper 90%.
hundred equal parts, so that each
● 𝐷2 divides the set of data into the
part represents the data set.
lower 20% and the upper 80%.
● 𝐷3 divides the set of data into the
lower 30% and the upper 70%.
● 𝐷4 divides the set of data into the
lower 40% and the upper 60%.
● 𝐷5 divides the set of data into the
lower 50% and the upper 50%. This
is also called the median of the
Ex.
data.
● 𝐷6 divides the set of data into the
lower 60% and the upper 40%.
● 𝐷7 divides the set of data into the
lower 70% and the upper 30%.
Relationship between Quartiles, ||
Deciles, and Percentiles.
Measure of Position for
Grouped Data
Steps In Finding The kth Fractile In A
Grouped Data
● Complete a column of cumulative
frequency starting from the lowest
class, then add it to the next class's
frequency. Continue doing this until
you reach the last class.
Cumulative Frequency
● the total frequency of all scores
"greater than" or "less than" the
specified upper or lower limit.
● The cumulative frequency of the
highest class interval is equal to the
total number of items N. To get the
cumulative frequency of the
succeeding class interval, subtract
the corresponding frequency from
the cumulative frequency of the
prior class interval.
Ex.
