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Row Space - 1

The document discusses the four fundamental subspaces associated with an m×n real matrix A: row space, null space, column space, and left null space. It explains how to find bases for the row and column spaces through examples and outlines the orthogonality of these spaces. Additionally, it includes practice problems for further understanding.

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26 views4 pages

Row Space - 1

The document discusses the four fundamental subspaces associated with an m×n real matrix A: row space, null space, column space, and left null space. It explains how to find bases for the row and column spaces through examples and outlines the orthogonality of these spaces. Additionally, it includes practice problems for further understanding.

Uploaded by

pushpalai2025
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

VECTOR SPACE

ROW SPACE & COLUMN SPACE:

Let A =[Pij] be an m×n real matrix that maps the vectors in Rn to vectors in Rm. The four fundamental

subspaces be associated with A, two in Rn and two in Rm, are:

1. Row space of A, the set of all x for which Ax is non zero.

2. Null space of A, the set of all x for which Ax = 0

3. Column space of A, the set of all y for which ATy s nonzero.

4. Left null space of A, the set of all y for which ATy = 0.

The row space and null space are orthogonal to each other and span all of Rn. The column space and

the left null space are also orthogonal to each other and span all of Rm.

ROW SPACE, COLUMN SPACE AND NULLSPACE

Let A be a m x n matrix, then

(i) The row space of A is the subspace of Rn spanned by the row vectors of A

(ii) The column space of A is the subspace of Rm spanned by the column vectors of A.

(iii) The solution space of the homogeneous system of equations Ax = 0, which is a subspace

of Rn, is called the null space ( or kernel) of A.

[Link]
Professor & Head
Dept. of Mathematics
SIR MVIT, B’lore
EXAMPLE – 1 :
1. Find bases for the row space, the column space of the matrix A
Step 1 : Reduce the matrix to row echelon form
Step 2: Identify the row space
Step 3 : Identify the column space

[Link]
Professor & Head
Dept. of Mathematics
SIR MVIT, B’lore
Step 2: Row Space: Non Zero rows are R1, R2, R3. Row space of the matrix is the span of these
vectors.

Row(A) = Span{ (1,3,-5,0,10), (0,1,-2,2,7), (0,0,0,1,-5)}

Step 3: Column Space: For the column space, the pivots are in C1,C2 and C4 (First non
zero entry in a row). Hence column 1,2 & 4 from original matrix form a basis.

−𝟐 −𝟓 𝟎
Basis for Col A : {[ 𝟏 ] , [ 𝟑 ] , [𝟏]}
𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟕
𝟏 𝟕 𝟓

EXAMPLE 2: Find bases for the row space, the column space of the matrix A

[Link]
Professor & Head
Dept. of Mathematics
SIR MVIT, B’lore
Step 2: Row Space: Non Zero rows are R1, R2, R3. Row space of the matrix is the span of these
vectors.

Row(A) = Span{ (1,2,-1,-2,-1), (0,0,0,1,1), (0,0,0,0,1)}

Step 3: Column Space: For the column space, the pivots are in C1,C4 and C5 (First non
zero entry in a row). Hence column 1,2 & 4 from original matrix form a basis.

𝟏 −𝟐 −𝟏
Basis for Col A : {[ ] , [−𝟑] , [−𝟏]}
𝟐
𝟓 −𝟑 −𝟏
−𝟑 𝟐 𝟏

Practice Problems:
Find bases for the row space, the column space of the following matrix:

*********

[Link]
Professor & Head
Dept. of Mathematics
SIR MVIT, B’lore

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