Internet of Things (IoT) Based Multi-server

Room Temperature and Humidity Monitoring

and Automatic Controlling by Using Fuzzy
Logic Controller

Agung Mulyo Widodo1(B) , Andika Wisnujati2,3 , Mossiur Rahaman3 ,

Bambang Irawan1 , Kraugusteliana Tambunan5 , and Hsing-Chung Chen3,4
1 Department of Computer Science, Universitas Esa Unggul, Jakarta 11510, Indonesia
[Link]@[Link]
2 Department of Automotive Engineering Technology, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta,
Kasihan 55183, Indonesia
3 Department of Computer Science, Asia University, Taichung City 413, Taiwan
4 Department of Informatics Study Program, Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
5 Department of Computer Science, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran, Jakarta,

Indonesia

Abstract. The data center is a significant space that serves as a place to store
equipment related to the server. Important data must also be safeguarded inside the
server room itself, thus security standards are required to safeguard the space, start-
ing with air temperature, humidity, fire disaster prevention, etc. In this paper, the
authors propose an Internet of Things (IoT)-based system that uses MPX5100dp
sensor for measuring room pressure, the DHT11 sensor, to detect humidity and
temperature, with Node-MCU ESP8266 as the transmitter and microcontroller,
and the Blynk application as the MQTT bridge to display the measurements and
actuator reactions on mobile phones with Android as the platform. The mechanism
on this device can track the temperature of the data center’s room in real time and
could run as expected. This has been proven by testing.

Keywords: DHT11 sensor · MPX5100dp sensor · Node-MCU ESP8266

sensor · Internet of Things

1 Introduction

For data service providers, servers are critical for client computers. The impact of tem-
perature outside tolerance, which results in data center hardware damage due to a room
temperature that is too hot, can be caused by room cooling that is not performing prop-
erly or has difficulties that the data center operational team is unaware of [1]. For this
reason, the server room temperature needs to be monitored regularly, so that if a tem-
perature deviation occurs outside the tolerance limit, it could be immediately identified
and followed up so that there is no damage to the server [2].

© The Author(s) 2022

I G. P. Suta Wijaya et al. (Eds.): MIMSE-I-C 2022, ACSR 102, pp. 76–88, 2022.
[Link]
 Internet of Things (IoT ) Based Multi-server Room Temperature and Humidity 77

In fact, due to several factors that influence it, such as the human actor himself and
his position, monitoring and measuring temperature and humidity in multiple separate
rooms simultaneously and in real time is not easy to perform directly and accurately in
all conditions [3]. These constraints to receiving temperature and humidity information
can be reduced with the introduction of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies [4].
In this paper, the author proposes a system that can monitor temperature and humid-
ity on multi-room servers in real time based on IoT using ESP8266, DHT11 humidity
temperature sensor and MPX5100dp sensor. The design of this temperature and humid-
ity monitoring system aims to automate the measurement and monitoring of temperature
and humidity by using the android platform. Moreover, it could monitor the state of the
temperature and humidity of each room in the data center and it also as a reference if it
is detected that the server room temperature exceeds the specified standard [5]. Further-
more, by utilizing a controller on the damper opening drive motor that uses fuzzy logic
as a decision maker, this system could handle fluctuations in temperature and humidity
in each room. This is a contribution of the paper. Sensors and actuators are instruments
that facilitate physical environment interaction. The data collected by the sensors must
be stored and intelligently processed in order to derive useful conclusions [6].
The organization of this paper is as follows. Section 1 provide the reasons and objec-
tives why this automatic monitoring and control system is proposed and its contribution.
Section 2 gives related works about integrated system which is proposed. Section 3
discusses methods which is used to develop this system and test the system. Section 4
explains the proposed technique and describes the systems application and discuss the
simulation results and compares them to manually measuring techniques statistically.
Section 5 Conclusion of this paper.

2 Related Works

After several decades of development, Internet of things (IoT) became one of an impor-
tant part in information technology. Instead of analyzing IoT’s core technologies, a
collection of lightweight smart buildings for organization computer rooms [7]. The sys-
tem uses sensors to collect environmental data, and through the Raspberry Pi process,
controllers will make adaptive responses, such as turning on the air conditioner and
alerting users. Experiments demonstrate that the system can be an effective remedy for
the inefficiency of current room management, particularly in college computer rooms,
and provide a new application for the Internet of Things [8].
Five smaller scale sensors of natural parameters (air temperature, humidity, carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, and luminosity) were employed. To detect specific types of
contamination, various sensors can be included. The results demonstrate that the system
is able to provide a viable indoor air quality evaluation in order to anticipate technical
interventions for improving indoor air quality. Indeed, indoor air quality can be distinctly
compared to the norm for a quality living environment [9]. The combination of IoT with
new-age information and communication technologies promises reliable solutions for
enhanced environmental health and well-being [10].
The air’s temperature and relative humidity are crucial for maximizing productivity
in the room. One of the causes of the server becoming hot is unsuitable temperature or
78 A. M. Widodo et al.

humidity in the server room. There are a number of factors that make server air less
conducive, such as the influence of temperature; if the temperature is too high, it can
damage the hardware, and if it is too low, it can waste a great deal of electricity [11–13].
The prototype from [14] contains various types of sensors that measure all measur-
able temperature and humidity parameters. This system can be utilized to monitor the
temperature and humidity of a specific room or location. The proposed system continu-
ously transmits data to the cloud for remote data monitoring. For direct monitoring and
regulation, the system is equipped with dynamic Telegram application-based user noti-
fication capabilities. The creation of an autonomous wireless sensor monitoring system
for civil engineering constructions is discussed by Barroca [15]. The goal is to offer a
method for measuring both humidity and temperature inside a concrete construction.
The early age and healing phase era have been the focus of the investigation. There have
been four solutions discussed.
Due to the fact that Internet-of-Things (IoT) is a developing technology, it offers
a number of services to collect and analyze environmental changes utilizing web APIs
from companies like IBM Watson, OpenHAB, SimpleSoft, ThingSpeak, etc. Here, we
suggest a Raspberry-Pi-based system for monitoring a room’s temperature that makes
use of ThingSpeak as an online API. The gathered data is evaluated online, and users all
over the world are given graphical output [16, 17].

3 Methods

The steps to conducting this research could be explained as follows:

• Designing the hardware of the system

• Developing the software system
• Testing the performance of the system.

3.1 Designing the Hardware of the System

The hardware design of the system can be described in the schematic depicted in Fig. 1.
The DHT 11 sensor and MPX5100dp sensor are the core component of the Tempera-
ture, Humidity and Pressure Measurement System in the Data Center Room. It measures
pressure in addition to temperature and humidity. The result of sensors’ reading will then
be processed by the Arduino UNO Microcontroller and Node-MCU ESP8266 as input,
and its output will be a servo motor that controls the damper. The data will then be
presented on the Android and LCD screens after being received.

3.2 Developing the Software System

We define the temperature and humidity data from sensor DHT 11 and MPX5100dp
sensor which serves to read the state of the pressure as measurement variables for the
fuzzy logic input as an intelligent control algorithm. Then the input from each DHT 11
sensor and MPX5100dp sensor will be processed on the microcontroller on the Arduino
 Internet of Things (IoT ) Based Multi-server Room Temperature and Humidity 79

UNO and Node-MCU ESP8266 and the results of the processing will be displayed and
sent to the LCD screen and Android.
We use fuzzy logic algorithm to controlling response of servo motor as actuator.
The temperature measurement variable from the DHT 11 sensor is convert to language
variable as follows:

• Cold [0, 20]

• Normal [15, 25]
• Hot [20, 30]
• Next, Measurement Variable (Pressure) from the MPX5100dp Sensor is as follows:
• Low [0, 50]
• Normal [45, 55]
• Height [50, 60]

By using the triangle and trapezium membership functions, we could make the
fuzzification process to convert the membership degree µ of crisp values. They could
be depicted in Figs. 2 and 3.
Furthermore, the result of both sensors reading is directly (crisp values) converted
to membership degree of the group of language variable. After the sensors reading have
been converted to membership degree of the group of language variable.
Moreover, by using the Sugeno’s rule base, the response of servo motor could be
explained in Table 1.
Description of rule value.

• Slightly Open: 20%

• Normally Open: 40%
• Open Wide: 60%
• Open very wide: 80%
• Fully open: 100%

Fig. 1. System’s architecture

80 A. M. Widodo et al.

Fig. 2. Membership function of temperature.

Fig. 3. Result and Discussions Membership function of pressure.

Table 1. Servo motor rules

Temp. Cold Normal Hot

Press.
Low Slightly Open Normally Open Open Wide
Normal Normally Open Open Wide Open very wide
High Open Wide Open very wide Fully open
 Internet of Things (IoT ) Based Multi-server Room Temperature and Humidity 81

Fig. 4. Servo Motor Rule Value.

Fig. 5. Rule base of servo motor action.

The crisp value of the servo-motor response could be gotten by defuzzification

process of servo-motor rules by using Eq. (1).

αpred1 × z1 + αpred2 × z2 + ... + αpredn × zn

Z= (1)
αpred1 + αpred2 + ... + αpredn

By using Eq. (1), then the action of servo-motor response as output variable could
be determined. In the Fig. 4 describes the membership of output variable.
In addition, by using the rule base, as follows (Fig. 5).
In order to understand how fuzzy logic algorithm works in the system, the following
is an example of calculation simulation with two inputs i.e., the DHT11 and MPX5100dp
sensor and one output the servo-motor.
How much will the servo motor move if the average temperature is 19 °C and the
average pressure is 52 kPa?
82 A. M. Widodo et al.

Fig. 6. The simulation result by using MATLAB.

Step 1: Conducting fuzzification process to determine the αpred or membership

degree μ base on the membership function. For examples, in a case the temperature
19 °C has αtemp,normal or membership degree μ of normal group is 0.8 and αtemp,cold or
membership degree μ of cold group is 0.2. Next, the pressure 52 kPa has αpress,normal or
membership degree μ of normal group is 0.6 and αpress,high or membership degree μ of
high group is 0.4.
Step 2: By using the Sugeno rule base, it will be gotten as follows.

αtemp,normal ∩ αpress,normal = 0.6

αtemp,normal ∩ αpress,high = 0.4
αtemp,cold ∩ αpress,normal = 0.2
αtemp,cold ∩ αpress,high = 0.2
Step 3: By using the rule base of servo motor action, we find

αtemp,normal ∩ αpress,normal = 0.6 ⇒ output variable = 60%

αtemp,normal ∩ αpress,high = 0.4 ⇒ output variable = 80%
αtemp,cold ∩ αpress,normal = 0.2 ⇒ output variable = 40%
αtemp,cold ∩ αpress,high = 0.2 ⇒ output variable = 60%
Step 4: Conducting defuzzification by using Eq. (1), we can find the crisp value of
servo-motor as follows.
0.6 × 60 + 0.4 × 80 + 0.2 × 40 + 0.2 × 60
Z= = 62.5%
0.6 + 0.4 + 0.2 + 0.2
While, it is carried out by MATLAB simulating, we can the result depicted in Fig. 6.
Manual computations produced the following results 62.5. While, the MATLAB
calculations produced the following outcomes 64. Therefore, it may be stated that there
 Internet of Things (IoT ) Based Multi-server Room Temperature and Humidity 83

is a 1.5 inaccuracy in the results of the manual and MATLAB calculations. Next, this
fuzzy algorithm is embedded in the Arduino UNO Microcontroller for controlling the
servo-motor response.

4 Result and Discussions

The implementation of the system is developed by the hardware parts must be related to
each other and integrated according to the needs and the manufacture of room temper-
ature control tools for a data center. The hardware specifications used in building this
tool are as follows.
The Arduino UNO, Motor servo, MCU ESP8266 Node, DHT 11 (three units), 3 LCD
units, Expansion Board for Node-MCU ESP8266, Laptops, Wireless Router, and Cable
Jumper. The hardware for reading the DHT11 sensor value and MPX5100dp sensor
value, which are processed by the Arduino UNO microcontroller and NodeMCU8266,
the value will be displayed on the LCD monitor screen and the Android platform, and for
the output it will drive the servo motor. The data-logger will be stored on the SD-card.
The DHT11 sensor and MPX5100dp sensor will read the temperature and humidity
around the data center room, which is then read and processed by the Arduino UNO and
NodeMCU8266. Then the Node-MCU ESP8266 will upload temperature and humidity
data to the database via the internet from the access point.
When data is read and stored in the database and updated in real time. Then the user
will download the data through the Android smartphone or tablet system. The data will
be displayed and updated regularly on the Android smartphone or tablet application in
real time (Fig. 7).
Testing the DHT11 sensor requires the Arduino IDE and installing the DHT11 library.
Testing the DHT11 sensor is done by connecting the sensor pin to the Arduino UNO
board pin. If the DHT11 sensor has no errors, the Serial Monitor display will contain
the data sent by the Arduino UNO, which will appear as below.

Fig. 7. The hardware circuits.

84 A. M. Widodo et al.

Fig. 8. Sensor test normal condition.

Fig. 9. Sensor test results normal condition.

Figures 8 and 9 depict the result of tests of the temperature and humidity in normal
conditions. On the LCD display, it shows that the temperature and humidity in room
3 are 31 °C and 67%, respectively. While on the mobile phone screen, the readings of
temperature and humidity are 31.30 °C and 67%, respectively. As a result, the servo
motor responds by servo-motor 115 degrees of rotation.
Next, in pictures 10 and 11, it can be seen that the temperature and humidity under
cold conditions are 27 °C and 75%, respectively. Consequently, the servo motor rotates
58 degrees in response (Figs. 10 and 11).
Figures 12 and 13 show that in hot conditions, the temperature and humidity are
36 °C and 51%, respectively. The servo motor subsequently rotates 154 degrees as a
result.
From the above test, it appears that the sensor readings for monitoring and controlling
the response of the servo motor based on changes in temperature, humidity and pressure
in the room are in accordance with the conditions desired by the authors. The response
given by the actuator, in this case, the rotation of the servo motor based on the input
temperature, humidity, and air pressure in the room, could be illustrated in Fig. 14.
The performance of servo-motor response, could be explained in Table 2.
Internet of Things (IoT ) Based Multi-server Room Temperature and Humidity 85

Fig. 10. Sensor test cold condition.

Fig. 11. Sensor test results cold condition.

Fig. 12. Sensor test results hot condition 1.

86 A. M. Widodo et al.

Fig. 13. Sensor test results hot condition 2.

Fig. 14. The surface viewer.

Table 2. The Performance Characteristic of the Servo-motor.

The performance characteristics Value

Rise time tr 50.6 s
Settling time ts 74.68 s
Settling Min. 150
Settling Max. 160
Overshoot 0
Undershoot 0
Peak 160
Peak Time 75 s
 Internet of Things (IoT ) Based Multi-server Room Temperature and Humidity 87

The performance characteristics of a control system are characterized by transient

responses to inputs. The transient response of a control system practically always exhibits
damped oscillations before reaching a steady state. Rise time tr is the time it takes for
the response to increase from 10% to 100%, 5–90%, 5–95%, or 0–100% of the final
value used. Peak time tp is the time it takes for the response to reach its maximum first
overshoot and settling time ts is the time required for the response to the unit ladder to
enter the 2% or 5% of the final value criteria area.

5 Conclusion
Analysis and testing of the temperature, RH (humidity), and air pressure measurement
systems has been carried out in several server rooms of the data center by using Fuzzy
Logic. The DHT11 and MPX5100dp sensors are suitable for the design of temperature,
RH (humidity), and air pressure measurement systems in rooms. By using Fuzzy Logic,
the DHT11 sensor can read temperature and humidity, and the MPX5100dp sensor can
read the pressure of a room. Monitoring can be seen directly from the LCD screen and
the data logger can be stored on the memory card. The reading function from the sensor
is used as input for the controller that uses the Fuzzy Logic algorithm to control the
response of the actuator, which in this system uses a servo motor that is connected to
the air duct damper open and close system that circulates cold air generated by the
central cooling system. The servo motor automatically moves according to the crisp
value obtained from the value of the defuzzification result. The measurement results can
be directly seen from the mobile phone screen and LCD display when the room lacks
or excess air pressure, which results in a decrease or increase in room temperature by
opening and closing the air duct damper.

Acknowledgement. Authors would like to say thank you for the support to Universitas Esa
Unggul, Jakarta, Universitas mataram, Lombok, Indonesia and also Asia University, Taiwan.

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