Scribd
Upload
1K views21 pages

The Evolution of Calculators

The document traces the evolution of calculators from ancient clay tablets and abaci used by Sumerians and Babylonians in 4000 BC to modern digital calculators. Some key developments included the Antikythera mechanism in 1st century BC, which was an early mechanical calculator; Leonardo da Vinci's conception of a mechanical calculator in 1502; John Napier's bones and logarithms in 1600; William Oughtred's circular slide rule in 1620s; Blaise Pascal's mechanical calculator called the Pascaline in 1642; Gottfried Leibniz's stepped reckoner capable of four basic math functions in 1674; Charles Xavier Thomas' mass produced Arithmometer in 1820;

Uploaded by

Nitya Desul
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
1K views21 pages

The Evolution of Calculators

The document traces the evolution of calculators from ancient clay tablets and abaci used by Sumerians and Babylonians in 4000 BC to modern digital calculators. Some key developments included the Antikythera mechanism in 1st century BC, which was an early mechanical calculator; Leonardo da Vinci's conception of a mechanical calculator in 1502; John Napier's bones and logarithms in 1600; William Oughtred's circular slide rule in 1620s; Blaise Pascal's mechanical calculator called the Pascaline in 1642; Gottfried Leibniz's stepped reckoner capable of four basic math functions in 1674; Charles Xavier Thomas' mass produced Arithmometer in 1820;

Uploaded by

Nitya Desul
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction: Introduces the topic with a list of contributors or group members to the presentation.
  • Clay Tablets 4000-12000 B.C.: Describes the earliest known methods of calculating using clay tablets in ancient Sumerian civilization.
  • Abacus 3000 B.C.: Explains the development and use of the abacus by Babylonians as an early computing tool.
  • Greek Antikythera Mechanism 1st Century B.C.: Details the mechanisms and astronomical uses of the Greek Antikythera device, considered one of the earliest complex calculators.
  • Leonardo Da Vinci’s Mechanical Calculator 1452-1519: Discusses Da Vinci’s conceptual designs for an early mechanical calculator during the Renaissance era.
  • Napier’s Bones 1600: Highlights John Napier's invention for multiplication known as Napier’s bones, an early logarithmic tool.
  • Logarithmic Rule and Slide Rule 1620-1622: Describes the invention and evolution of logarithmic and slide rules as key calculation tools.
  • Calculating Clock 1623: Covers the development of the calculating clock by William Schickard for performing arithmetic operations.
  • Pascaline 1642: Blaise Pascal’s development of the Pascaline is discussed as a mechanical calculator for addition and subtraction.
  • Stepped Reckoner 1674: Explains the Stepped Reckoner by Gottfried Leibniz, capable of performing multiple arithmetic functions.
  • Arithmometer 1820: Details the invention of the Arithmometer by Charles Xavier Thomas, the first mass-produced calculator.
  • Difference Engine 1822: Discusses Charles Babbage’s design and conceptualization of the Difference Engine, paving the way for modern computing.
  • The Odhner Calculator 1874: An overview of the Odhner Calculator, focusing on its pin-wheel principle for mechanical calculations.
  • Comptometer 1884: Exploration of the Comptometer, invented by Dorr E. Felt, as the first successful key-driven calculating machine.
  • Calculimeter and The Dalton 1890-1902: Describes Charpentier’s Calculimeter and the Dalton adding-listing machine innovations.
  • Curta and ANITA Calculators 1947-1961: Chronicles advancements with the hand-held Curta and electronic desktop Anita calculators.
  • Solar and Miniature Calculators 1978: Discusses the introduction and impact of solar-powered and miniature calculators in the late 20th century.
  • Advanced Calculators 1993-2011: Describes the evolution and features of advanced calculators and digital assistants, including Apple's and Microsoft's contributions.
  • Concept Calculators: Lexon Roswell and Twin Calculator: Explores conceptual designs like Lexon Roswell and Twin Calculator that present futuristic ideas in calculator technology.
  • Thank You Page: Concludes the presentation with a summary thank you note and final remarks.

THE EVOLUTION OF CALCULATORS

Group Members: Nejo Varghese

Mahesh Navale
Nikhil Karemore Roshni Nair Medha Rewadekar

Mitali Sharma
Prajakta UthayaKumar Nitya Desul

4000 12000 B.C. CLAY TABLETS

Sumerians kept track of commercial transactions on clay tablets. The Sumerians were the first known civilization and it is

believed this system was the precursor for the calculator.

3000 B.C. - ABACUS

Babylonians create an abacus following the Sumerians. The


abacus would spread throughout Egypt, Greece, Persia and Asia.

1ST CENTURY B.C.


GREEK ANTIKYTHERA MECHANISM.

Antikythera Mechanism is dedicated to astronomical phenomena and operates as a complex mechanical "calculator" which tracks the cycles

of the Solar System. The Antikythera Mechanism dates from around


the 1st century B.C. and is the most sophisticated mechanism known from the ancient world.

1452 - 1519
LEONARDO DA VINCIS MECHANICAL CALCULATOR

First mechanical calculator may have been conceived by Leonardo da Vinci around 1502.

1600 - NAPIERS BONES

Invented by John Napier for multiplication, and based on the ancient numerical scheme known as the Arabian lattice.

1620 - LOGARITHMIC RULE


Edmund Gunter developed a logarithmic rule for multiplication
and division using dividers, which was the forerunner of the slide rule.

1622 CIRCULAR SLIDE RULE

William Oughtred invented the circular slide rule, and in 1633 described the rectilinear version.

1623 CALCULATING CLOCK

William Schickard designed the first calculator to assist in multiplication known as the Calculating Clock."

1642 - PASCALINE

Blaise Pascal developed a mechanical calculator - the Pascaline. Capable of addition, subtraction was performed by nines- complement addition,

and multiplication was performed by repeated additions and


subtractions.

1674 - STEPPED RECKONER

Gottfried Leibniz constructed the first calculator capable of multiplication

and division. He Developed the Stepped Reckoner using stepped gear


wheels. Performed the 4 functions, add subtract multiply and divide.

1820 - ARITHMOMETER

Charles Xavier Thomas invents the Arithmometer that becomes first mass produced calculator.

1822 - DIFFERENCE ENGINE

Charles Babbage conceived the original Difference Engine

1874 - THE ODHNER CALCULATOR

The Odhner calculator, invented by the Swedish engineer W.T. Odhner, is based on the pin-wheel principle.

1884 - COMPTOMETER

Dorr E. Felt invents the Comptometer, the first succesfull key-driven


adding and calculating machine. In 1886 he joined with Robert Tarrant to form the Felt & Tarrant Manufacturing Company

1890 - CALCULIMETER
Invented by Charpentier of France

1902 - THE DALTON


The Dalton adding-listing machine was the first of its type to use only ten keys first 10-key add-lister.

1947 - CURTA MINIATURE


Curta miniature hand-held mechanical

calculator introduced

1961 - ANITA MK VII AND ANITA MK8.


First electronic desktop calculator - Bell
Punch/Sumlock Anita Mk VII and Anita MK8 - based on cold-cathode vacuum

tubes. Orange discharge tube displays


used.

1978 SOLAR CALCULATORS


The worlds first solar powered calculators were
released.

1978 - MINIATURE CALCULATORS


Casio releases first miniature calculator Casio Mini Card LC-78.

1993 THE NEWTON


Apple releases the first personal digital assistant the Newton.

2001 MICROSOFT POWER CALCULATOR


Microsoft develops Power Calculator for Windows XP as part of Power Toys." Power Calculator allows users to perform calculations, conversions, evaluate and graph functions. It is a free app.

2011 APPLE IOS5


Apple releases ios5 that brings modern calculators to smartphone users.

CONCEPT CALCUATORS : LEXON ROSWELL


CALCULATOR
It has a transparent screen that displays the information. The Roswell

calculator is made from a single piece of aluminium

CONCEPT CALCUATORS : TWIN CALCULATOR


The hand-held twin calculator designed by D.K. & Wei offers a flexible way for one to work on mathematics - A solar-powered digital calculator is

built on the front with a full touch interface for an efficient calculation.
Meanwhile, one can always enjoy fun calculating with beads from a back Mini Chinese abacus!

THANK YOU!

You might also like