5 Year Plans
Fear of attack from capitalist countries
•industrial production still low
•Russia still behind Britain & France in development
Russia not Communist as taught by Karl Marx
•peasants owned lands, eg rich kulaks
•NEP based on profit making
Planned economy
•State to control all resources
•State to decide on production
Industrialisation
develop heavy industries eg iron & steel
produce energy - coal, oil & electricity production
built communication lines - railways, canals
•Set up new industrial cities
•built canals to link to ports
•increased railway lines
•develop mines
•dams & power stations
•massive building projects
Dnieper Dam 1932 - pride of the 5year Plan
Massive building projects, like this dam was part of the 5 year plan
Civilized life -
productive work
Gustav Klutsis 1931
The message of this
poster is directed to
members of
Komsomol, the
communist youth
organization. They
have to set an
example of civilized
living and
productive working.
Volunteers from youth organisations
1 s t F iv e Y e a r P la n s
75
80 64
60 coal
3 5 .4
millions of tons
40 2 1 .7 2 1 .4 o il
20 1 1 .7 10 6 .2 p ig ir o n
3 .2
0
1 9 2 7 -8 ta r g e t a c tu a l 1 9 3 2
How did Stalin increase production?
Targets were set
all production had to meet targets
propaganda messages
Reward Punishment
Better housing loss of housing
more pay labour camp
model workers - Stakhnovites
How to support cost of industrialisation?
Where to get labour for industrialisation?
Lebeshev, 1936
We do like Stachanov!
Stachanov, a miner
achieving incredibly high
production figures, is held
up as shining example for
workers throughout the
Soviet Union. Many years
later, Soviet authorities
admitted that Stachanov was
assisted by a team of miners
when he performed his
heroic feats.
Lyubimov, 1931
With shock labour we
will ensure prompt
delivery of the giants of
the Five Year Plan
Workers have to speed
up production in order
to finish the large
factories above in time.
Magnitogorsk - built during the 5 year Plan
What does the source tell you about the 5 Year plan?
Metropolitan Nikolav Dolggorukov 1931
In 1931, the Communist Party decides to the building a subway system
in Moscow. The first line is opened for the public in 1935. On the poster,
the chaos of traffic in the old center of Moscow in the photomontage left
is contrasted with the spaciousness and efficiency in the large drawing.
Underground train
station in Moscow
as it is now
built during Stalin’s era
Sverdlosk in Urals
192
8
1933
Collectivisation
•State to take over all farms
•Pool small farms together
•mechanize farming
•decide what crops
•all produce will be taken by State
•Sell farm produce abroad get
capital for industrialisation
•with machines - less farm workers,
more industrial workers
Effects of Collectivisation
Kulaks refusal to hand over farms
mass deportation of Kulaks
destruction of Kulaks
Initially food production fell Crops sold abroad
famine in 1932-33 people get less
improved in late 1930s
Farms mechanized
No freedom of action
less farm workers
Farm workers given health care
education opportunities
Peasants admiring the first
tractors
a collective farm in Ukraine
picture issued by governmen
5 Year Plans : Success or Failure
Short Term Long Term effects
effects
•Russia modernised
•few consumer •industrialised country
goods •more powerful
•workers harshly •communications
treated improved
•standard of living •jobs for everyone
worsened Economy
transformed
•Kulaks destroyed State controlled all
•famine 1932-33 resources & people
pact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HAR
By 1940, produced more iron & steel than
Britain
3 new industrial centres built east of Ural Mts
increased energy production - dams &
electrical plants
massive communications lines - roads, canals,
railways
farming was mechanised - more efficient
pact of 5 year plan - BENEFIT OR HAR
Unbalanced economy - emphasis on heavy
industries, shortage of consumer goods
shortage of housing
high demands on workers - severe control
& punishment
famine in 1932-33
agricultural production still low
elimination of kulaks
greater control - peasants not given
internal passports
How Stalin controlled Russia
USE OF TERROR
•purges
•secret police PROPAGANDA
•Court & police •cult of Stalin
•media reports
under Stalin’s
•posters, banners
control
•press control •education
•elimination of •arts, theatre, films
religion
