CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGY
BIO
LOGY GREEK
bios (LIFE)
logos (STUDY)
WHAT IS BIOLOGY ?
The study of life or living things Living things = organisms Tells us about the structure and function & the interaction between the organisms and enviroment.
IMPORTANT OF BIOLOGY
Diseases
Food technology
Agriculture
Biotechnology
Managing the enviroment
FIELDS OF STUDY IN BIOLOGY
ZOOLOGY BIOTECHNOLOGY MICROBIOLOGY
BOTANY BIOCHEMISTRY TAXONOMY
BIOLOGY
MEDICINE
ECOLOGY
PHYSIOLOGY
GENETICS
ANATOMY
THE STUDY OF BIOLOGY
Biological Fields
Virology Bacteriology Mycology Botany Zoology Anatomy Histology Biochemistry Genetics Ecology Microbiology Physiology
Aspects of the study
Cell Biology Genetics Environmental study Biochemicals Plants Animals Tissues Structure of organisms Microorganism Virus Bacteria Fungi
JOB OR CAREERS ??
Doctor Nurses Dentist Forensic scientist Nutritionist Biomedical scientist Pharmacists Physiotherapists
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
SCIENTIFIC SKILLS
Divided into 2 component: Science process skills
Critical, analytical, creative thinking. Formulate questions and find out the answers
Manipulative skills
Psychomotor skills
SCIENTIFIC SKILLS
Science Process Skills Observing Classifying Measuring and using numbers Making inferens Predicting The Manipulative Skills a. Using and handling science apparatus and substances correctly b. Keeping science apparatus and substances correctly and safely c. Cleaning science apparatus in the correct way d. Handling science specimens correctly and carefully e. Drawing specimens, science substances and science apparatus correctly.
Using space-time relationship
Interpreting data Defining operationally Controlling variables Communicating Making hypothesis Experimenting
SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS
What are the skills involved? -Observing -Controlling variables -Making hypothesis -Making prediction -Experimenting -Manipulative skills
OBSERVATION, MAKING HYPOTHESIS AND PREDICTING
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
SCIENTIFIC METHODS
Diagram shows a flow chart of a scientific method.
SCIENTIFIC METHODS
EXPERIMENTING
Preparing tissue culture of a plant
SCIENTIFIC METHODS
Identifying the problems by observing or explaining the phenomenon Identifying and controlling the variables that affect the study or the observations Formulating the hypothesis in order to predict the phenomenon observed
Writing a report
Carry out the investigation that had been planned. The following steps are suggested to follow: (a) Collecting data (b) Analyse the data (c) Interpreting the data (d) Making conclusion
Planning the investigation to test the hypothesis
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
MAKING HYPOTHESIS
THE VARIABLES IN A SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
Constant or fixed variable A factor which is kept constant / fixed or controlled throughout the experiment or investigation. In an experiment to investigate the proces of respiration in animal for example, the factors (fixed variables) that are controlled are temperature and atmospheric presure. The manipulated variable It is a factor which is changed or manipulated in the experiment in order to test the hypothesis. This factor may be expected as the source or the factor under study for a certain phenomenon. The responding variable It is the factor that changes whenever the manipulated variable changes.
VARIABLES
Manipulated variable The factor which is under study and varied throughout the experiment in order to observe the corresponding changes in the responding variable. Responding variable The factor that changes in respons to the changes in the manipulated variable Constant variable All the other factors that can affect the result of the experiment , which is controlled or fixed throughout the experiment.
pH, enzyme concentration and substrate concentration is controlled or kept constant. Optimum temperature
Rate of reaction
Temperature/0C
The effect of temperature on enzyme activity
PLANNING INVESTIGATION
CONDUCTING EXPERIMENT
COLLECTING DATA
RECORDING DATA
RECORDING DATA
RECORDING DATA
WRITING A SCIENCE REPORT
Light Microscope
IDENTIFYING THE PROBLEM FORMING A HYPHOTHEIS PLANNING THE EXPERIMENT IDENTIFYING & CONTROLLING VARIABLES CONDUCTING THE EXPERIMENT
COLLECTING DATA
ANALYSING DATA INTERPRETING DATA DRAWING CONCLUSION WRITING A REPORT Pg 10
SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES AND NOBLE VALUES
1. Having an interest and curiosity in recording the environment. 2. Being honest and accurate in recording and validating data. 3. Critical and analytical thinking skills. 4. Objective and rational. 5. Responsibility and accountability 6. Being confident and independent. 7. Daring to try.
THE END
