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Understanding Basic Phonics Skills

This document discusses the key concepts and approaches in teaching phonics to children. It explains that phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between letters and sounds and how to use these relationships to read and write words. It describes two main approaches to teaching phonics: synthetic phonics which teaches sounds and letters in isolation first before blending, and analytic phonics which teaches sounds in connection with words. Key phonics concepts discussed include phonemes, graphemes, digraphs, blending, segmenting, substitution and deletion. Sight words and high frequency words are also addressed.

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Mellisa Chin
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824 views17 pages

Understanding Basic Phonics Skills

This document discusses the key concepts and approaches in teaching phonics to children. It explains that phonics instruction teaches children the relationships between letters and sounds and how to use these relationships to read and write words. It describes two main approaches to teaching phonics: synthetic phonics which teaches sounds and letters in isolation first before blending, and analytic phonics which teaches sounds in connection with words. Key phonics concepts discussed include phonemes, graphemes, digraphs, blending, segmenting, substitution and deletion. Sight words and high frequency words are also addressed.

Uploaded by

Mellisa Chin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Basic Phonics Skills

Pupils need to know


the letters of the alphabet well
the specific matches between sounds and
letters in words(e.g. /ch/air/)
that words are made up of separable sounds
(awareness of phonemes)
sentences are made up of words

The KSSR English


Language
Syllabus
The teaching of Phonics
as one of the
strategies to develop children basic literacy.

What is Phonics?
A method of teaching children to read (not

something they need to learn)

Phonics instruction teaches children the

relationships between the letters


(graphemes) of written language and the
individual sounds (phonemes) of spoken
language.

It teaches children to use these relationships

to read and write words.

It is NOT Phonemic awareness.

Theory of Phonics
Children must learn that connections between

letter patterns and the sounds they


represent.
The teacher must provide direct, explicit
instruction about phonics rules and patterns.
Children taught phonics using systematic
phonics made better progress in reading and
spelling.

Issues
English is complex:

44 sounds represented by 26 letters


Confusion because of the possible range of
correspondence between a sound and spelling
represented
/f/: f - /fish/, ph - /photo/

Issues
A proportion of commonly used English

language words that are not phonetically


regular.(e.g. /ch/air,
/ch/aracter, ma/ch/ine)
75% of the English spelling system is
phonetically regular the rest could be quite
problematic .

Approaches to teaching
Phonics
Synthetic Phonics
Analytic Phonics

Synthetic Phonics
Sounds and corresponding letters are learnt

first and in isolation


Blending and segmenting are taught
specifically and separately
Read phonetically regular books

Analytic phonics
Sounds are taught in connection with words
Children learn that multiple words share the

same initial sound


Learn phonics by deduction from texts e.g.
bat, bus, beg, bill

Phoneme
Smallest unit of sound /-/

e.g. /s/, /ch/,/ph/, /oi/oy/, /ee/,/ff/

Grapheme
Written form of the letters in the English

alphabet
a-z

Digraph
When 2 graphemes are combined to form a
phoneme
Consonant digraph ph - /f/, ff - /f/, kn - /n/, nn
- /n/
Vowel digraph ow - /ow/, ay - /ei/, ee - /e/, oo
- /oo/

Approaches to teaching
Phonics
Blending - to combine the individual sounds

to letters to form words


cat - /k/a/t/
Segmenting to break down individual letter
sounds to sound it correctly
/h/a/t/ - hat

Approaches to teaching
Phonics
Substitution - identify beginning, middle, and

end sound of a word. Then change the


beginning or end sound/letter
e.g. cat ca/t/, ca/p/; /c/at/, /h/at/;
Deletion - identify and omit the beginning or
end sound of a word
Word family a word ending consisting of a
vowel and consonant combination e.g.
/an/, /at/, /op/

Sight & High frequency


words
Sight words need to be memorized on sight

e.g. where, were, one, who, you


High frequency words - words that occur
frequently in English
e.g. it, he, them

Phonological awareness
Pupils need to know that
some written words are longer than the
spoken form
words are made of syllables
that words rhyme

Phonemic awareness
Pupils need to
understands that there are many words that
start with the same sound
know that spoken words are made up of
individual sounds
able to identify and manipulate individual
sounds
know that phonemes can be rearranged and
substituted to make new words

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