SWINE FLU
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Professor of Microbiology
Sri Deva Raj Urs University
Medical College, Kolar India
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What is Swine Flu
Swine influenza virus (referred to
as SIV) refers to influenza cases that
are caused by Orthomyxovirus
endemic to pig populations. SIV
strains isolated to date have been
classified either as Influenza(virus C
or one of the various subtypes of the
genus Influenza virus A)
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Different Strains circulate
Periodically
In the United States the H1N1 subtype
was exclusively prevalent among swine
populations before 1998; however, since
late August 1998, H3N2 subtypes have
been isolated from pigs. As of 2004,
H3N2 virus isolates in US swine and
turkey stocks were triple reassortants,
containing genes from human (HA, NA,
and PB1), swine (NS, NP, and M), and
avian (PB2 and PA) lineages.
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MAP of H1 N1 Swine Flu
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Swine Influenza (Flu)
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a
respiratory disease of pigs caused by
type A influenza that regularly cause
outbreaks of influenza among pigs.
Swine flu viruses do not normally infect
humans, however, human infections
with swine flu do occur, and cases of
human-to-human spread of swine flu
viruses has been documented.
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Pigs can harbour influenza viruses
can be adapted to Humans
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Swine Flu-Present Status
From December 2005 through February
2009, a total of 12 human infections with
swine influenza were reported from 10
states in the United States. Since March
2009, a number of confirmed human
cases of a new strain of swine influenza A
(H1N1) virus infection in the U.S. and
internationally have been identified. An
investigation into these cases is ongoing.
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Swine Flu 2009
In late March and early April 2009,
cases of human infection with swine
influenza A (H1N1) viruses were first
reported in Southern California and
near San Antonio, Texas. Other U.S.
states have reported cases of swine
flu infection in humans and cases
have been reported internationally as
well.
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Update - Status Swine Flu
The United States Government has
reported seven confirmed human
cases of Swine Influenza A/H1N1 in
the USA (five in California and two in
Texas) and nine suspect cases. All
seven confirmed cases had mild
Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), with only
one requiring brief hospitalization.
No deaths have been reported.
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Swine Flu in Mexico
In the Federal District of Mexico,
surveillance began picking up cases of ILI
starting 18 March. The number of cases
has risen steadily through April and as of
23 April there are now more than 854
cases of pneumonia from the capital. Of
those, 59 have died. In San Luis Potosi,
in central Mexico, 24 cases of ILI, with
three deaths, have been reported.
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Swine Flu and Virus
Swine Influenza (swine flu) is a respiratory
disease of pigs caused by type A influenza
virus that regularly causes outbreaks of
influenza in pigs. Swine flu viruses cause high
levels of illness and low death rates in pigs.
Swine influenza viruses may circulate among
swine throughout the year, but most outbreaks
occur during the late fall and winter months
similar to outbreaks in humans. The classical
swine flu virus (an influenza type A H1N1
virus) was first isolated from a pig in 1930.
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Cause by Reassortment of
different strains
Like all influenza viruses,
swine flu viruses change
constantly. Pigs can be
infected by avian
influenza and human
influenza viruses as well
as swine influenza
viruses. When influenza
viruses from different
species infect pigs, the
viruses can reassort (i.e.
swap genes) and new
viruses that are a mix of
swine, human and/or
avian influenza viruses
can emerge
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Swine Flu differs from Human
Flu
The H1N1 swine flu
viruses are
antigenically very
different from human
H1N1 viruses and,
therefore, vaccines
for human seasonal
flu would not provide
protection from
H1N1 swine flu
viruses
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Out breaks among Pigs
Outbreaks among pigs
normally occur in colder
weather months (late
fall and winter) and
sometimes with the
introduction of new pigs
into susceptible herds.
Studies have shown
that the swine flu H1N1
is common throughout
pig populations
worldwide, with 25
percent of animals
showing antibody
evidence of infection.
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Present Swine Flu strains
At this time, there
are four main
influenza type A
virus subtypes that
have been isolated in
pigs: H1N1, H1N2,
H3N2, and H3N1.
However, most of the
recently isolated
influenza viruses
from pigs have been
H1N1 viruses.
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How man is exposed
Most commonly,
these cases occur in
persons with direct
exposure to pigs (e.g.
children near pigs at
a fair or workers in
the swine industry).
In addition, there
have been
documented cases of
one person spreading
swine flu to others.
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How Swine Flu presents in
Humans
The symptoms of swine
flu in people are
expected to be similar to
the symptoms of regular
human seasonal
influenza and include
fever, lethargy, lack of
appetite and coughing.
Some people with swine
flu also have reported
runny nose, sore throat,
nausea, vomiting and
diarrhea
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Is the eating Pork infects ?
No. Swine influenza
viruses are not
transmitted by food.
You can not get swine
influenza from eating
pork or pork products.
Eating properly handled
and cooked pork and
pork products is safe.
Cooking pork to an
internal temperature of
160F kills the swine flu
virus as it does other
bacteria and viruses
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Close proximity with PIGS
spread the Infections
Influenza viruses can be
directly transmitted from
pigs to people and from
people to pigs. Human
infection with flu viruses
from pigs are most likely
to occur when people
are in close proximity to
infected pigs, such as in
pig barns and livestock
exhibits housing pigs at
fairs. Human-to-human
transmission of swine flu
can also occur.
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How Swine flu spread among
Pigs
Swine flu viruses are
thought to be spread
mostly through close
contact among pigs and
possibly from
contaminated objects
moving between
infected and uninfected
pigs. Herds with
continuous swine flu
infections and herds that
are vaccinated against
swine flu may have
sporadic disease, or may
show only mild or no
symptoms of infection.
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Seek emergency medical care.
IF - in Children
In children emergency warning signs that
need urgent medical attention include:
Fast breathing or trouble breathing Bluish
skin color.Not drinking enough fluids
Not waking up or not interacting
Being so irritable that the child does not
want to be held
Flu-like symptoms improve but then return
with fever and worse cough
Fever with a rash
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Adults Need attention if Present
with
Difficulty breathing or shortness of
breath
Pain or pressure in the chest or
abdomen
Sudden dizziness
Confusion
Severe or persistent vomiting
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Diagnosis
To diagnose swine
influenza A infection, a
respiratory specimen
would generally need to
be collected within
the first 4 to 5 days
of illness (when an
infected person is most
likely to be shedding
virus). However, some
persons, especially
children, may shed virus
for 10 days or longer.
Identification as a swine
flu influenza A virus
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CDC helps in Diagnosis
Requires sending
the specimen to
CDC for laboratory
testing as many
laboratories in
Developing world
do not have
facilities
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Drugs which are effective in
Swine Flu
There are four different
antiviral drugs that are
licensed for use in the
US for the treatment of
influenza:
Amantidine,
rimantadine,
oseltamivir and
zanamivir. While
most swine influenza
viruses have been
susceptible to all four
drugs
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Drugs proved resistant at
Present
Most recent swine
influenza viruses
isolated from
humans are
resistant to
Amantidine and
Rimantadine
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CDC recommends at Present
CDC recommends
the use of
oseltamivir or
zanamivir for the
treatment and/or
prevention of
infection with
swine influenza
viruses
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How long can an infected person
spread swine flu to others?
People with swine influenza virus
infection should be considered
potentially contagious as long as
they are symptomatic and possible
for up to 7 days following illness
onset. Children, especially younger
children, might potentially be
contagious for longer periods.
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How long can viruses live
outside the body?
We know that some viruses and
bacteria can live 2 hours or longer on
surfaces like cafeteria tables,
doorknobs, and desks. Frequent
hand washing will help you reduce
the chance of getting contamination
from these common surfaces.
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No Vaccines to Humans
But available to PIGS
Vaccines are available
to be given to pigs to
prevent swine
influenza. There is no
vaccine to protect
humans from swine
flu. The seasonal
influenza vaccine will
likely help provide
partial protection
against swine H3N2,
but not swine H1N1
viruses.
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Avoid close contact
Avoid close contact
with people who are
sick. When you are
sick, keep your
distance from others
to protect them from
getting sick too.
Aerosols spread
the virus in any
environment
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Stay home when you are sick.
If possible, stay
home from work,
school, and errands
when you are sick.
You will help
prevent others
from catching your
illness.
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Cover your mouth and nose.
Cover your mouth
and nose with a
tissue when
coughing or
sneezing. It may
prevent those
around you from
getting sick
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Clean your hands.
Washing your hands
often will help
protect you from
germs.
Hand washing
proved to be best
procedure in
prevention of
Majority of
Communicable
diseases.
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Avoid touching your eyes, nose or
mouth.
Germs are often
spread when a
person touches
something that is
contaminated with
germs and then
touches his or her
eyes, nose, or
mouth.
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Practice other good health
habits.
Get plenty of sleep,
be physically active,
manage your stress,
drink plenty of fluids,
and eat nutritious.
Unnecessary
Migration of people
from epidemic and
endemic areas to be
reduced.
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Is eating Pork meat safe during
Epidemics
Swine influenza
viruses are not
spread by food. You
cannot get swine
influenza from
eating pork or pork
products. Eating
properly handled
and cooked pork
products is safe.
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Healthy Habits reduces the
Attacks
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Simple measures carry get good
Benefits
Cover your
mouth and nose.
Use a tissue when
you cough or
sneeze and drop it
in the trash. If you
dont have a tissue,
cover your mouth
and nose as best
you can.
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Clean Hands saves you
Clean your hands
often. Clean your
hands every time
you cough or
sneeze. Hand
washing stops
germs. Alcoholbased gels and
wipes also work
well.
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Cartoonists Imagination on
Swine Flu
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Visit for Updates
CDC
CDC ( Center of
Disease) control
updates the
current
information.
The topic made as
per guidelines of
CDC
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Created for Awarness
on Swine Flu
Dr.T.V.Rao MD
Email
[email protected]DISTRIBUTED BY
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