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Fluid Principles: Archimedes, Pascal, Bernoulli

This document discusses key fluid mechanics principles including Archimedes' principle, Pascal's law, and Bernoulli's principle. Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Pascal's law describes how pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout a fluid. Bernoulli's principle relates pressure and velocity, stating that as fluid velocity increases, pressure decreases. These principles are important for understanding fluid behavior and applications like floating, hydraulic systems, and aerodynamics.

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Gerardo L. Lo
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258 views22 pages

Fluid Principles: Archimedes, Pascal, Bernoulli

This document discusses key fluid mechanics principles including Archimedes' principle, Pascal's law, and Bernoulli's principle. Archimedes' principle states that the buoyant force on an object submerged in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. Pascal's law describes how pressure is transmitted equally in all directions throughout a fluid. Bernoulli's principle relates pressure and velocity, stating that as fluid velocity increases, pressure decreases. These principles are important for understanding fluid behavior and applications like floating, hydraulic systems, and aerodynamics.

Uploaded by

Gerardo L. Lo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FLUIDS

Archimedes
Principle
Pascals Law
Bernoullis

FLUIDS AND BUOYANT FORCE

Fluids Matter that flows (liquid and gas).

Mass density Mass per unit volume of a


substance. It is often represented by the
Greek letter (rho).
=m
V

Buoyant force The upward force on


objects that are partially or completely
submerged in fluids.

ARCHIMEDES
PRINCIPLE

ARCHIMEDES
PRINCIPLE
Any object completely or
partially submerged in a
fluid experiences an upward
force equal in magnitude to
the weight of the fluid
displaced by the object.

FOR FLOATING
OBJECTS
Buoyant force:
FB = Fg(displaced) = mf g
where mf = mass of fluid displaced

For floating objects:


FB = Fg (object) = mog

Image source: 2008 Yupi666, Wikimedia Commons


http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buoyancy.svg

Archimedes Principle:
The buoyant force is equal to
the weight of the displaced
water.

Image source: Bradley W. Carroll. Used with permission. http://


physics.weber.edu/carroll/archimedes/principle.htm

ball: Displaced water weighs less than the ball


hull: Displaced water weight equals hull
weight

Image source: Bradley W. Carroll. Used with permission. http://


physics.weber.edu/carroll/archimedes/principle.htm

BUOYANT FORCE
Buoyant force is also equal to the
difference between the weight of an
object in air and weight of an object in
fluid.
FB = Wair - Wfluid
In other words, the apparent loss in
weight of a body immersed in a fluid is
equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.

Image source: Bill Winfield. Used with permission.

OTHER
RELATIONSHIPS
Net force, F is the objects
net

apparent weight:
Fnet = FB Fg(object)
Fnet = (fVf- oVo) g
where: m=V

In solving buoyancy problems, the


following derived expression is
used:

PASCALS LAW

PRESSURE
Pressure is a measure of how much
force is applied over a given area.
P= F
A
units:
1 Pa (Pascal) = 1 N/m2
1 atm = 105 Pa

PASCALS LAW
Pressure applied to a fluid
in a closed container is
transmitted equally to
every point of the fluid
and to the walls of the
container.

Pressure
applied
anywhere to a
fluid causes a
force to be
transmitted
equally in all
directions.
Change in
pressure
disperses
equally
throughout
the fluid.
Force acts at

A1 = 1
m2
F1 =
10 N
P1 =
___?

A2 = 10
m2
P2 =
____?
F2 =
____?

Image source: Bill Winfield. Used with


permission.

BERNOULLIS
PRINCIPLE

TYPES OF FLUID
FLOW
Laminar When fluid particles
move along the same smooth
path. The path is called a
streamline.
Turbulent When fluid particles
flow irregularly causing
changes in velocity.

Source: Wikimedia Commons http://


commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Toky.png

BERNOULLIS
PRINCIPLE
Continuity equation:
A1v1 = A2v2
Bernoullis principle:

The pressure in a fluid


decreases as the fluids
velocity increases.
Bernoullis equation:

Bernoullis equation at
different points in a
horizontal pipe:
P1 + v12 = P2 + v22
Point
1

Point
2

Image source: 2013 Emily Sappington, University of


Houston

Point
3

Bernoullis Equation

Source: NASA http://


www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/k-12/airplane/bern.html

Bernoullis equation at
two different points of
varying height
P1 + v12 + gh1 = P2 + v22 +
gh2

Source: http://
commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:BernoullisLawDerivationDiagram.svg

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