Scribd
Upload
113 views16 pages

UNIT-1 Subject: Circuit & Network: Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

This document provides an overview of key circuit variables and elements: - It defines electromotive force (EMF), potential, and voltage as energy sources in a circuit. EMF is the voltage produced by a source with no current, while potential and voltage refer to differences in energy between points. - It describes capacitors and inductors as two-terminal passive elements that store energy electrostatically or magnetically. Capacitance is measured in Farads and inductance in Henrys. - It distinguishes between active elements that generate energy and passive elements like resistors that cannot. It also defines dependent and independent voltage and current sources. - It explains power as the rate of energy transfer over time, with

Uploaded by

Patel Dipen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
113 views16 pages

UNIT-1 Subject: Circuit & Network: Circuit Variables and Circuit Elements

This document provides an overview of key circuit variables and elements: - It defines electromotive force (EMF), potential, and voltage as energy sources in a circuit. EMF is the voltage produced by a source with no current, while potential and voltage refer to differences in energy between points. - It describes capacitors and inductors as two-terminal passive elements that store energy electrostatically or magnetically. Capacitance is measured in Farads and inductance in Henrys. - It distinguishes between active elements that generate energy and passive elements like resistors that cannot. It also defines dependent and independent voltage and current sources. - It explains power as the rate of energy transfer over time, with

Uploaded by

Patel Dipen
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

UNIT-1

Subject: Circuit & Network

Circuit Variables and Circuit


Elements

Contents

Electromotive Force, Potential and Voltage


Two-terminal Capacitance
Two-terminal Inductance
Active and Passive elements
Ideal Independent Two-terminal Electrical
Sources
Power and Energy Relations
Classification of Two-terminal Elements
Dot Convention

Electromotive Force, Potential and Voltage

EMF:-Any device which transforms a form of


energy into electric energy is called a source of
emf.
The emf of a source is the voltage it produces when
no current is flowing

Potential:- It is the difference of voltage


produced between two points of a circuit.

Voltage:- Its the energy whichs required to move


an electrons from one place to another in a circuit.
All quantities unit is Volt (V).

Capacitor:- Acapacitor(originally
known as acondenser) is apassivetwoterminalelectrical componentused to
storeenergyelectro staticallyin an electric
field where twoelectrical conductors(plates)
are separated by a dielectric(i.e.,insulator).

UNIT: Farad (F)

Inductor
Inductor:- Aninductor, also called
acoilorreactor, is apassivetwoterminalelectrical componentwhich resists
changes inelectric currentpassing through it.
It consists of a conductor such as a wire,
usually wound into a coil. When a current
flows through it,energyis stored temporarily
Henry (H)
in a magnetic fieldin the coil.UNIT:
.

Active and Passive Elements


Circuit
Elements

Active elements
Capable of generating
electric energy
Example : voltage and
current sources

Passive elements
Incapable of generating
electric energy
Example : resistor,
inductor, capacitor, diode
and etc

Independent Source

Current

Vs

is

Voltage
7

Dependent Source

Vs ix
Voltage

is Vx
Current

Dependent sources are sources whose values


depend on other circuit variables, such as a
voltage or a current elsewhere in the circuit

Ideal Voltage Source Connected in


Series

Ideal Current Source Connected


in Parallel

10

Power, Energy relations: Power:- It is the rate of using energy or doing


work.

Energy
Power =
Time

W
P= t

Energy (W) :- It is the capacity to do work.


Work = Power* Time = P*t

Resistance
Resistance:- It is the opposition, a material
offers to current

= Resistivity of a material
l = length of a material
A = cross-section area of conductor
Unit: - ohm ()

Relationship of parameters

Dot Convention
The circuit polarity signs '+' and '-' indicate
example applied and resultant, relative
voltage
The circuit arrows indicate example applied
and resultant relative current directions.
The instantaneous directions of the current
entering the primary inductor at its dotted
end and the current leaving of the secondary
inductor at its dotted end are the same.
Subtractive polaritytransformer designs
are shown in the upper circuit
diagrams.Additive polaritytransformer

Contd.,

You might also like