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Pressure Measurement Techniques and Types

This document discusses pressure measurement. It defines pressure and lists its various units like pascals, torr, and mercury units. Pressure can be absolute, gauge, or vacuum. Pressure is measured using manometers like U-tube or inclined manometers. Elastic transducers like Bourdon tubes or diaphragms also measure pressure. Vacuum is measured using mechanical gauges like McLeod or thermal conductivity gauges. Mercury is commonly used in manometers due to its desirable properties like low viscosity and thermal expansion.

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71 views8 pages

Pressure Measurement Techniques and Types

This document discusses pressure measurement. It defines pressure and lists its various units like pascals, torr, and mercury units. Pressure can be absolute, gauge, or vacuum. Pressure is measured using manometers like U-tube or inclined manometers. Elastic transducers like Bourdon tubes or diaphragms also measure pressure. Vacuum is measured using mechanical gauges like McLeod or thermal conductivity gauges. Mercury is commonly used in manometers due to its desirable properties like low viscosity and thermal expansion.

Uploaded by

mansur
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Unit I Pressure Measurement

Content

Pressure and its units


Types of pressure
Methods of pressure measurement
Manometers

1/28/2016

Dr. S. Vivekanandan-Asso. Prof.

Pressure and its units

is the force per unit area applied to an object in a direction perpendicular to the surface
Pressure is a scalar quantity, and has SI units of pascals
Pressure is transmitted to solid boundaries or across arbitrary sections of fluid normal to these
centimeter, inch, and millimeter of mercury (torr)
boundaries
or sections at every point. It is a fundamental parameter in thermodynamics and it is
millimeter, centimeter, meter, inch, and foot of water
conjugate to volume
customary units:
kip, ton-force (short), ton-force (long), pound-force, ounce-force, and poundal per square inch
pound-force, ton-force (short), and ton-force (long)
manometric
units:
non-SI metric units:

bar, decibar, millibar


kilogram-force, or kilopond, per square centimetre (technical atmosphere)
gram-force and tonne-force (metric ton-force) per square centimetre
barye (dyne per square centimetre)
kilogram-force and tonne-force per square metre

1/28/2016

Dr. S. Vivekanandan-Asso. Prof.

sthene per square metre (pieze)

Types of Pressure

1/28/2016

Dr. S. Vivekanandan-Asso. Prof.

Pressure relationship contd..


15.3 PSIG
30 PSIA

ABSOLUTE
PRESSURE
(PSIA)

GAGE
PRESSURE
(PSIG)
14.7 PSIA

Atmospheric Pressure

0 PSIG
0 In. Hg

(Average at Sea Level)


VACUUM
(in. Hg)
1/28/2016

0 PSIA

Dr. S. Vivekanandan-Asso. Prof.

29.92 In. Hg

Pressure Relationships

Gage pressure (PSIG)


Absolute pressure (PSIA)
Vacuum pressure (PSIV) or (in Hg)
Atmospheric pressure (14.7 psi)

Absolute Pressure =Atmospheric Press. + Gage Press.

Vacuum =Atmospheric Pressure - Absolute Pressure

1/28/2016

Dr. S. Vivekanandan-Asso. Prof.

Methods of Measurement

U-tube
Manometer
methods
Well type
Inclined type

Elastic pressure transducer


Bourdon tube
Bellows
Diaphragm
Measuring Vacuum
Mechanical - McLeod gage, Capsule gage
Thermal conductivity gage Pirani gage, Thermocouple
Electrical - Ionization gage
Measurement using Force
Dead-weight tester
Electrical transducer

Capacitive

Piezoelectric

Dr. S. Vivekanandan-Asso. Prof.

Properties of Monometric Fluid - Mercury

Low Viscosity
Low thermal Expansion
Non corrosive and Non Poison
High Stability
Low vapour pressure
Non sticky
Wide range

1/28/2016

Dr. S. Vivekanandan-Asso. Prof.

10

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