USE OF SODIUM
BUTYRATE IN BROILER
NUTRITION
ETLK PLLERN BESLENMESNDE
SODYUM BTRAT KULLANIMI
HAZIRLAYAN:
DANIMAN:
CENGZ
Umair AHSAN
Do. Dr. zcan
WHY SODIUM
BUTYRATE???
Antibiotics
Therapeutic
levels
Sub-therapeutic
Essential
levels
For treatment of diseases
In feed growth promoters (AGPs)
feed supplement for more than fifty years
EU banned the use of AGPs in 2006 WHY?
Antibiotic Resistance
CONT
As a consequence, the development of alternatives
to AGPs receives considerable attention
Many substances have been studied in search of
such an alternate:
Isolated
nutrients (amino acids, fatty acids (FAs),
minerals, vitamins)
Dietary
supplements (probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics,
organic acids, antioxidants, and enzymes)
Herbal
products (polyphenols, herbs, and spices)
Genetically
modified foods
CONT
Among these alternatives, organic acids are
considered to be the popular one
Most commonly known are: acetic acid, propionic
acid, and butyric acid; also known as volatile FAs
Butyric acid possesses interesting characteristic
features
Mol.
Weight 88.12 g/mol
Density
pKa
0.958 g/ml, and
4.82
CONT
Butyric acid is:
Corrosive
Volatile
Strong
smell
Thats
why, sodium salt of butyric acid is used; called
Sodium Butyrate (SB)
Easy
to handle
Stable
Less
odorous
STRUCTURE OF BUTYRIC
ACID AND SODIUM
BUTYRATE
Butyric
Acid
Sodium
Butyrate
SB IS A SOURCE OF BUTYRIC
ACID
SB is converted into butyric acid as it enters the
digestive system
Upper Digestive Tract
CH3-[CH2]2-COONa
sodium
butyrate
INTESTINE
Na+
H+
CH3-[CH2]2-COOn-butyrate
pKa /pH
CH3-[CH2]2-COOH
pKa /pH
n-butyric acid
H+
CH3-[CH2]2-COO-
n-butyrate
EFFECT OF pH OF THE
MEDIUM
The efficacy of sodium butyrate depends upon:
pKa
value of butyric acid, and
pH
of the corresponding part of the digestive system viz.
crop, proventriculus, gizzard and small intestine
pKa is the pH value of an acid at which half the
molecules of that acid are dissociated
CH3CH2CH2COOH CH3CH2CH2COO- + H+
pH<4.82 pH=4.82
pH>4.82
CONT
ABSORPTION OF BUTYRIC
ACID
Butyric acid is produced as a product of cecal
fermentation:
Where does it go??
It is absorbed by the enterocytes
Butyric
acid is a preferred source of energy
Absorbed by different mechanisms:
Diffusion
Bicarbonate
Active
ion (HCO3-) exchange method
transport by different transporters
CONT
TYPES OF SODIUM
BUTYRATE
Sodium Butyrate
Microencapsulated SB (Palm stearin coating)
Fat Coated SB (Vegetable fat coating)
Fatty Acid Coated SB (Fatty acid salt coating)
Why enteric coating is required??
ROLE OF SB IN BROILER
NUTRITION
Productive Performance:
Weight gain, Feed Intake, and FCR
Gut Morphology:
Villi length, Crypt depth, Villus:crypt
Gut Microflora:
Enhances beneficial microflora
Kills harmful microbes
PRODUCTIVE
PERFORMANCE
SB increases the weight gain, feed intake, and
improves FCR:
Increased pancreatic secretions Increased nutrient
digestibility
Increased villi length Increased surface area
nutrient absorption
Increased feed intake
weight gain
Improved FCR
Increased
Higher
CONT
Varying results have been reported:
Some
researchers reported a significant increase in
weight gain, feed intake, and FCR
Others
have reported no effect on performance
Uncoated SB
Dissociation in the intestine
Day old chick Digestive enzymes not enough to
digest fat coating
SB not released
Low
feed intake and weight gain
Carry-over effect
which lowers the performance
GUT MORPHOLOGY
Continuous desquamation of intestinal epithelium
Gut
tissues require 23-36% energy and 35%
protein of the total intake.
Major
part is used for cell turn-over
Butyric acid main nutrient for the enterocytes
Faster
development of newborn cells
Longer
villi and shallow crypts
CONT
Different results were reported
May
Fat
be due to dissociation of uncoated SB
coated SB needs the degradation of fat coating
Lipase
secretion is less at early age of broilers
Intestinal
morphology may be affected
CONT
Villi at 42 days of age
Control
Villi at 42 days of age
Sodium Butyrate
GUT MICROFLORA
It can be regarded as a double edged sword
SB is a selective bactericidal agent
Kills
the harmful bacteria only such as Salmonella,
E.coli
Helps
the beneficial bacteria to grow
Direct Bactericidal Action
INDIRECT BACTERICIDAL ACTION
Lowers the pH of intestine (acidic medium)
Favorable
for lactic acid bacteria (LAB) e.g. Lactobacilli
& Bifidobacteria
LAB compete for space and nutrients competitive
exclusion
LAB produce bacteriocins and lactic acid antibiotic
action that kills harmful bacteria
Thus, sodium butyrate can be speculated as an
alternative to antibiotics
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