Scribd
Upload
179 views11 pages

ISO/OSI Model Overview and Functions

The document discusses the 7-layer ISO-OSI reference model for network communication. It describes each layer's functions: physical for transmission/reception, data link for error-free transfer, network for routing, transport for reliable transmission, session for synchronization, presentation for data formatting, and application for user services. The model defines distinct layers and interfaces to allow protocols to be developed independently and replaced over time, though fitting protocols to the model can be difficult.

Uploaded by

Ammu Mole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
179 views11 pages

ISO/OSI Model Overview and Functions

The document discusses the 7-layer ISO-OSI reference model for network communication. It describes each layer's functions: physical for transmission/reception, data link for error-free transfer, network for routing, transport for reliable transmission, session for synchronization, presentation for data formatting, and application for user services. The model defines distinct layers and interfaces to allow protocols to be developed independently and replaced over time, though fitting protocols to the model can be difficult.

Uploaded by

Ammu Mole
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

ISO/OSI Model in Communication Networks

ISO stands for International


organization of Standardization.
This is called a model for Open
System Interconnection (OSI) and
is commonly known as OSI model.
The ISO-OSI model is a seven layer
architecture
Functions of Different Layers :
Layer 1: The Physical Layer :

1. lowest layer
2. activates, maintains and deactivates the physical
connection
3. transmission and reception of the unstructured
raw data over network
4. Voltages and data rates needed for transmission
5. digital/analog bits into electrical signal or optical
signals
6. Data encoding
Layer 2: Data Link Layer :

1. synchronizes the information


2. data transfer is error free
3. Transmitting and receiving data frames sequentially
4. sends and expects acknowledgements for frames
received and sent respectively.
5. Resending of non-acknowledgement received
frames
6. establishes a logical layer and also manages the
Frame traffic control
7. transmitting node to stop, when the frame buffers
are full.
Layer 3: The Network Layer :

1. routes the signal through different


channels
2. network controller and manages the
Subnet traffic
3. route data
4. divides the outgoing messages into
packets and assembles the
incoming packets into messages for
higher levels
Layer 4: Transport Layer :

1. Decides data transmission -on parallel path or single path.


2. Multiplexing, Segmenting or Splitting on the data
3. receives messages->convert message-smaller units
->Network layer.
4. Transport layer - very complex, depending network
requirements
5. handled more efficiently by the network layer
Layer 5: The Session
Layer :
1. manages and synchronize the
conversation between two different
applications
2. data loss is avoided
Layer 6: The Presentation Layer :

1. the receiver will understand the


information (data) and will be able
to use the data.
2. transforms the data to be ready for
the application layer.
3. role of translator
4. Data compression, Data encryption,
Data conversion etc
Layer 7: Application Layer :

1. topmost layer
2. Transferring of files disturbing the
results to the user
3. Mail services, directory services,
network resource etc
4. mainly holds application programs
Merits

1. distinguishes well between the


services, interfaces and protocols
2. Protocols are very well hidden
3. Protocols replaced by new protocols
4. Supports connection oriented
services as well as connectionless
service
Demerits
1. Model was devised before the
invention of protocols
2. Fitting of protocols is tedious task
3. reference model

You might also like