Hydrophobic Coating
Introduction to Nano science and nanotechnology
Sub Code: ECE-1006
Slot: E1
Group members
SATYAM KUMAR JHA 16BEC0144
KUNAL SINGH 16BEC0482
GANGWANI DHAIRYA RAJIV 16BEC0859
ADARSH RAJ 16BEC0075
CONTENTS
LITERATURE OF THE PROJECT
(i) Reasons for surfaces attracting or repelling water.
(ii) Lotus effect
(iii) Types of surfaces.
(iv) Classifying surfaces.
(v) Making of Super-hydrophobic surfaces.
(vi) Applications.
(vii) Conclusions.
METHODOLOGY
(i) Apparatus used.
(ii) Procedure for creating Super-hydrophobic coated
surface.
WHAT IS MEANT HYDROPHOBICITY ?
Hydrophobicity, comes also from the Greek word Hydro(water) and Phobicity
(fear) it refers to the physical property of a material that repels a mass of water.
Some of the common natural Hydrophobic
materials are waxes, oil and fats.
The evaluation of hydrophobicity is made
through water contact angle measurements.
A water droplet would be spherical so the water
contact angle will be significantly high.
Lotus Effect Superhydrophobicity
Superhydrophobiccontact angle with a drop of water that
exceeds 150 degrees
Contact angle: > 150
A droplet on a superhydrophobic surface: The droplet touches
the leave only in a few points and forms into a ball. It
completely rolls off at the slightest declination.
Roughening a hydrophobic surface increases the effective
contact angle
TYPES OF SURFACES
Hydrophobic surfaces - Water-fearing surface. Water
tries to minimize contact with surface. Examples: Teflon,
oily surfaces.
Hydrophilic surfaces - Water-loving surface. Water tries
to maximize contact with surface. Examples: Glass, rusted
metal surfaces.
Superhydrophobic surfaces - Hydrophobic surface having
nano-scale roughness.
CLASSIFYING SURFACES
Hydrophilic surfaces These are the surfaces with
contact angle less than 900 . Water spreads out on the
surface.
Hydrophobic surfaces These are the surfaces with
contact angle greater than 900 . Water beads up on the
surface.
Superhydrophobic surfaces These are the surfaces
with contact angle greater than 1500 .Water is repelled
from the surface.
Materials Required
RTV Silicone Sealant
Paint Thinner
Glass Bottle
Measuring Cup
Cloth Sample
RTV Silicone Sealant
RTV Silicone (Room Temperature Vulcanization silicone) is a type
of silicone rubber made from a two-component system (base plus
curative; A+B) available in a hardness range of very soft to medium
- usually from 15 Shore A to 40 Shore. RTV silicones can be cured
with a catalyst consisting of either platinum or a tin compound such
as dibutyltin dilaurate. Applications include low-temperature over
molding, making molds for reproducing, and lens applications for
some optically clear grades.
Paint Thinner
A paint thinner is a solvent used to thin oil-based paints or clean up
after their use. Commercially, solvents labeled "Paint Thinner" are
usually mineral spirits having a flash point at about 40 C (104 F),
the same as some popular brands of charcoal starter. Exposure to
vapors created by paint containing thinner or its clean up may be
hazardous. The American Conference of Governmental Industrial
Hygienists has established threshold limit values (TLVs) for most of
these compounds. TLV is defined as the maximum concentration in
air which can be breathed by a normal person in the course of 40
hours work per week, day after day through their work life without
long-term ill effects.
Procedure
Weigh 50 ml of paint thinner and 5gms of RTV silicone
sealant
Mix the thinner and sealant in a glass beaker throughout such
that sealant dissolves completely
Soak the cloth sample for 10 minutes in the beaker.
After 10 minutes take out the cloth sample and let it dry.
Using micro pipette put a small drop of water on the cloth
sample.
Take the picture of sample . The picture should be on the
same level as of the sample.
Using protractor measure the angle
SUPER HYDROPHOBIC COATING
The process of coating the surface of a material with hydrophobic property material in
order to avoid sticking of liquids on that surface.
This is absolutely unique way of coating unlike
conventional which shrink continuously during
drying to produce low porosity films.
Super hydrophobic technology makes water
bounce, it stops it, rolls it off the surface.
Contact Angle Measurement
Goniometer for Contact Angle measurements
Scanning Electron Microscope
Surface morphology
Surface structure
size / particle size
Measurement
Surface elemental
analysis
PROBLEMS
Pipe Corrosion :
$6 8 billion transmission
pipelines
$276 billion residential plumbing
costs
Bridge Corrosion:
Annual cost of US
Bridges: $7 billion
Global marine coatings -$4.7
billion
Aircraft Deicing:
$5,000 per aircraft
Power Lines :
One winter storm -$5 billion
Superhydrophobic coating can be made from many different
materials.
Manganese oxide polystyrene (MnO2/PS) nano-composite
Zinc oxide polystyrene (ZnO/PS) nano-composite
Precipitated calcium carbonate
Carbon nano-tube structures
Silica nano-coating
APPLICATIONS
A primary purpose of hydrophobic coatings such as
polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) is to act as a barrier against water
commonly seen in automobiles.
Used in fabrication on metallic nano rod to prevent icing.
Its is widely used in aerospace industry for providing anti-icing coating on
the surface of the aeroplane .
Hydrophobic self cleaning glasses are installed in traffic sensor control
unit.
Coatings Applications
Anti-fouling
Anti-condensation
Anti-friction
Anti-ice
Anti-clotting
Anti-corrosion
Conclusions
self-cleaning, low adhe- sion and drag reduction in nature.
The development of superhydrophobic and self-cleaning surfaces is
important for basic research as well as various applications, such as anti-
biofouling paints for boats, antisticking of snow for antennas and windows,
self-cleaning windshields for automobiles, microfluidics, lab-on-a chip
devices, metal refining, stain resistant textiles, anti-soiling architectural
coatings, dust-free coatings on building glasses and so on.
It will be great challenge for the material scientists to fabricate permanent or
semi-permanent superhydropho- bic surfaces for its use in commercial
products.
