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 CHAPTER
3
TRAINING

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WHAT IS TRAINING?

Training is the attempt by an

organization to change employees
through the learning process so that
they are able to perform their jobs as
efficiently as possible.

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THE ASK MODEL

Change A
Attitudes

Develop
Skills S

Increase K
Knowledge

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TRAINING IS A LEARNING
PARTNERSHIP
The Government
Training
Vendors
The Training
Department

Employees Employers Consultants

Heads of
Department
Educational
Institutions
The Organization

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THE HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT FUND

Sectors Which Are Required to Contribute

to the Human Resource Development
Fund:
Manufacturing, with more than 50
employees
Manufacturing with 1049 employees but
paid up capital of RM2.5 million and above

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THE HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT FUND (cont.)
Services with more than 10 employees in the
following areas:
Hotel Computer services Training
Tour operators (in- Freight forwarding Accounting &
bound) Private higher auditing
Shipping education Direct selling
Air transport Warehousing services Engineering
Advertising Security Services Consultancy
Telecommunication Hypermarket, Private hospitals
supermarket and Road transport
Postal and courier
department stores Railways
services

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WHAT HAPPENS TO A COMPANY
WHICH DOES NOT TRAIN ITS
EMPLOYEES?

Margaret Anne Reid (2004) and her

co-authors in Human Resource Development
point out that the following costs will be
incurred if an employer does not
train his employees.

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 WHAT HAPPENS TO A COMPANY
WHICH DOES NOT TRAIN ITS
EMPLOYEES? (cont.)
The following costs will incur if an employer does not
train his employees.
Payment to employees when learning on the
job, which may take longer if it is not properly
planned for.
Costs of wasted materials, sales and
customers lost because of mistakes made by
untrained employees.

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WHAT HAPPENS TO A COMPANY
WHICH DOES NOT TRAIN ITS
EMPLOYEES? (cont.)

Management time cost taken to undo the

mistakes made by the untrained employees.
Lowered morale, leading to higher turnover,
amongst team members who are
demotivated by working with an untrained
employee.

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WHAT HAPPENS TO A COMPANY
WHICH DOES NOT TRAIN ITS
EMPLOYEES? (cont.)

Accident-related costs; it is well-documented

that untrained workers tend to have more
accidents.
Higher turnover leading to recruitment costs
because employees feel they have no
prospects of further development.

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BENEFITS OF TRAINING

Training opportunities attract and help to

retain talented workers
Training increases worker productivity
Training increases workers job satisfaction
Training keeps workers up-to-date
Training helps to motivate workers

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 THE TRAINING PROCESS

Identify training needs

Set training objectives

Develop the training programme

Implement the programme

Evaluate the programme

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HRM Principles & Practices (Second Edition) All Rights Reserved
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2011 Chapter 3 14
 WHAT IS A TRAINING NEED?

A training need is a problem which prevents

work being done satisfactorily and which
can be overcome by TRAINING.

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TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS

Who needs training?

What skills or knowledge do they need?
Do their attitudes need changing?

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TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS
(cont.)

Situations
New employees
Promotion and transfer
New machinery
New procedures and policies
New products or services

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 TRAINING NEEDS ANALYSIS
(cont.)

Problems suggesting a training need

include:
Falling output
Rising error, scrap, waste, mistakes
Increasing time taken to complete work
Increasing accident rate
Increasing customer complaints
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 TRAINING OBJECTIVES

A well-written training objective includes a

statement on:
Behaviour required of the trainee
Standards of performance
Conditions for performance

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DEVELOPING TRAINING
PROGRAMMES
Factors to Consider
Venue
Trainer
Duration
Budget
Individual or group
Methodology
Logistics
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TRAINING VENUE

On-the-job?

or

Off-the-job?

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JOB INSTRUCTIONAL TRAINING/
ON-THE-JOB TRAINING

Step 1: Break down the job into its separate parts

Step 2: Give an overview of the job
Step 3: Demonstrate a part of the job for the trainee
Step 4: Let the trainee try to do what has been
demonstrated
Step 5: Correct any mistakes made

Step 6: Let the trainee practise

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TRAINING METHODS

Lecture
Handouts
Audio-visual aids
Computer-aided learning/e-learning
Role-playing
Case studies
Simulation
Coaching

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TRAINING METHODS (cont.)

Apprenticeship
Projects/Special assignments

Which Methods to Use?

A, S or K?
Active or Passive?
Cost and facilities?

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Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2011 Chapter 3 24
LEARNING PRINCIPLES

The learner must want to learn

Active learning is more effective than
passive learning
Learning is faster in teams

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E-LEARNING

E-learning allows learners

to learn at the speed
which suits them best.
E-learning allows for savings
on logistics costs.
E-learning allows employees to learn at
times which suits them best.

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Tutorial Submitted by today
in my pigeon hole
Case Study 1: Alis First Experience of
Training.

Answer all questions.

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