Java Course Breakup

OOPs concepts.
Java Language Fundamentals
AWT and Swings.
Multi Threading
I/O and File handling
Collection API
Socket Programming
Applets
Introduction to JDBC and RMI
JavaBeans

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List of Books

Name of the book Author

Core Java (vol I & II) Horstmann &
Cornell

Beginning Java 2
Ivor Horton (WROX)

Complete Reference Herbert Schieldt

Java Programming Joseph Weber

2
List of Books

Name of the book Author

Java-How to program Dietal & Dietal

Java certification guide

Symon Roberts

Java Programming
Language James Gosling et. al.

3
Objectives of This Session

The Object Oriented Approach

Identify need for OO approach

State what is an Object.

State what is a class.

Describe what is an Object Model.

Distinguish between procedural analysis and OOA

4
Need of Object Oriented Approach

Software is Inherently Complex

Impedance mismatch between user of a system
and its developer.
Changing Requirements during development.
Difficulty of managing software development
process. Its a team effort.
Easy User Interface.
Clients want systems to be adaptable and
Extensible

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Object Oriented Approach

The Claim

Object oriented approach helps to handle the

complexity of software development and aids in
generation of adaptable and Extensible Systems

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Structured Method

Functions
and Data
Procedures

Object Oriented Method

Object
Object

Object Object

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Object Oriented Approach

An object oriented software is composed of discrete

objects interacting with each other to give rise to the
overall (complex) behavior of the system

- The architecture

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What is an Object ?

An object is an entity that has well defined structure

and behavior
Characteristics of an object
State
Behavior
Identity
Responsibility

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State of an Object

The state of an object encompasses the current

values of all its attributes. An attribute can be static or
dynamic

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 State of an Object

Car Attributes

Color
Average
Make Static
Power
Fuel type
Speed
Values of all attributes
Fuel level
at any moment defines
Tyre pressure Dynamic
the state of the car
Gear
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Behavior of an Object

Behavior is how an object acts or reacts, in terms of its

state changes and operations performed upon it

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 Behavior of an Object

Window Operations

sasaasasasasasasas
Open
Close
Maximize
Minimize Totality of operations we can
Resize perform upon a window and
Move consequent changes in attributes
Write defines behavior of a window

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Identity of an Object

Identity is that property of an object which

distinguishes it from all other objects

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Identity of an Object

Bank Account
Balance
Interest Rate
Account Number IDENTITY
Customer

Account number uniquely identifies an account among all

others.
A single or group of attributes can be identity of an object.

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Responsibility of an Object

The responsibility of an object is the role it serves

within the system

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Bank Account Object

Attributes Behavior State Identity Responsibility

Balance Balance= Account Keeps track of stored

Open
10000 number= money with the
Interest 1011 facility of deposits &
Balance
rate Interest withdrawals
Withdraw rate= 2%
Account
number Report Account
number=
1011

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Examples of Objects

Air Bank Account

Hard Disk Contract
Pen Signal
Person Industrial Process
Printer Medical Investigation
Color Transaction
point Training Course
An object can be a tangible, intangible or a conceptual
entity
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Class

Class is a template that decides the structure of an object.

Class is a design whereas object is a real entity based on
the class.

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Object Model

5 Major Pillars
Abstraction
Encapsulation
Modularity
Inheritance
Polymorphism

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Object Model :
Abstraction
Abstraction

Abstraction is the process of identifying the key

aspects of an entity and ignoring the rest

We select only those aspects which are important

to us

Only Domain Expertise can do right abstraction

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Object Model

Abstraction of a person object

Enumerate attributes of a person object that
needs to be created for developing a database
useful for social survey
useful for health care industry
useful for employment information

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Abstraction of a Person Object

Social Survey Health Care Employment

name name name
age age age
marital status --- ---
religion --- ---
income group --- ---
address address address
occupation occupation occupation
--- blood group ---
--- weight ---
--- previous record ---
--- --- qualifications
--- --- department
--- --- job responsibility
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 Object Model

Real World Abstraction Software

{ data, data,.}
attributes

entity object

behavior { method, method,.}

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Object Model : Encapsulation

Encapsulation
Encapsulation serves to separate interface of an
abstraction and its implementation
Encapsulation ensures that data within an object is
protected; it can be accessed only by its methods

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Object Model : Encapsulation

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Object Model: Modularity

Its the process of breaking up a a system into loosely

coupled modules that make up a cohesive system.
Eg. Wheel is a inherent part of a car. But a flat tyre can
easily be replaced.

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Object Model : inheritance

Inheritance
Classification helps in handling complexity
Inheritance is a property of a class hierarchy
whereby each subclass inherits attributes and
methods of its super-class
The subclass can have additional specific attributes
and methods

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 Inheritance hierarchy

is-a kind of hierarchy

Vehicle

2 Wheeler 3 Wheeler 4 Wheeler

Kinetic Scooter

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Inheritance

Is a kind of Hierarchy
Generalization and specialization are two points of
view that are based on the class hierarchies. They
express the direction in which the class hierarchy is
extended.

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Containment hierarchy

has-a kind of Relationship

Car

Engine Chassis Steering Wheel

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Containment hierarchy

Engine

dsa

Insurance

gdfg

Wheels Registration
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Object Model : Polymorphism

Polymorphism
The ability of different objects to respond to the
same message in different ways is called
polymorphism

Polymorphism helps us to :
Design extensible software as we can add new
objects to the design without rewriting existing
procedures

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Polymorphism

Move ( )

Move ( )

Move ( )

Move ( )

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Object Model: minor elements

3 Minor Pillars
Strong Type Casting : prevents mixing of
abstraction
Eg Bank Slip
Persistence : saves state of a object across time
and space
Eg Local object and object that outlive the
program
Concurrency : many objects responding
simultaneously.
Eg typing into a file & printing some previous file at
the same time

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