CHAPTER 6:
DATABASE
6.1 Introduction to Database
1
6.1 Introduction to Database
LEARNING OUTCOME:
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
1. Define database and Database Management
System.
2
What exactly is a Database ???
Do you know any examples ??
3
Databases
4
Data VS Information
Data is a collection of unprocessed (raw)
items, which can include text, numbers,
images, audio, and video.
Information is processed data that
conveys meaning to users.
5
Data VS Information
~ examples ~
1207 the year when the
city of Liverpool was
born
H2 SO4 chemical symbol of a
molecule of Sulfuric
acid
6
Definition of Database
Collection of data organized in
a manner that allows
access, retrieval, and
use of the data.
7
File Processing System
File processing system is the system
used to store and manage data in which
each department or area within an
organization has its own set of files.
• Attendance system
• Outing system
• S3P system
8
Database System
Database system is structured collection
of related data, facts about people, events,
things or idea related to a specific topic or
purposes.
MIS
• Attendance system
• Outing system
• S3P system
9
File Processing VS Database
10
File Processing VS Database
File Processing Database
• Each department has • Users share data in
its own set of data files. databases.
- Limited data sharing
• Redundant data • Reduce data
(duplicated data) redundancy
• Lack of data integrity • Improve data integrity
• Poor data access • Easier data access
11
Database System
- Examples -
Education – MIS(Matrix Information
System), OPAC(Online Public Access
Catalog)
Finance – CTOS, CCRIS(Central Credit
Reference Information System)
Travel – Trivago, Agoda
Health Care – Patient Database, CMS
(Clinic Management System)
Government – HRMIS, UPU, BR1M
12
Database System
- Usage -
Education – registration, grading
system, library system
Finance – loan, savings, investment
Travel – hotel reservation, booking tickets
Health Care - database system for
Patients
Government – employee records,
salaries
13
Examples of database systems:
Purchases from the supermarket:
The checkout person scans a barcode of each
of the goods.
An application program which uses the
barcodes to find the prices in a database.
The program reduces the number of such
goods in stock.
If the stock low the program places an order for
that good.
14
Definition of DBMS
Database Management System (DBMS)
is a software that allows you to create,
access and manage a database.
15
Components
of DBMS
16
Components of DBMS
We can identify five (5) major component in DBMS
environment :
1. Hardware – The computer systems that the
database systems runs on.
2. Software – The DBMS software and the
database application including
operating system and network
software.
17
Components of DBMS
3. Data – operational data and metadata (data
about data; known as data dictionary).
4. Procedures – The instruction and rules that
govern the design and use of database. (e.g., how
to log on, how to back-up).
5. People – Includes database designers,
Database Analysts, Database Administrators,
application programmers, end-users.
18
Database Manufacturer Computer Type
Access Microsoft Corporation Personal computer, server, mobile
devices
Adabas Software AG Server, mainframe
D3 Raining Data Personal computer, server
DB2 IBM Corporation Personal computer, server, mainframe
Essbase Oracle Corporation Personal computer, server, mobile
devices
FastObjects Versant Corporation Personal computer, server
FileMaker FileMaker, Inc Personal computer, server
GemFire GemStone Systems Server
Base [Link] Personal computer
Advantages of DBMS
1) Warehouse of Information
- large amount of data can be stored
2) Controlling data redundancy
- the information in it appears just once
3) Program and file consistency
- file formats and system programs are standardized.
4) Accuracy
- The data is accurate
5) User-friendly
- Data is easier to access and manipulate
6) Improved security
- Only an authorized user can access system. 20
Disadvantages of DBMS
1) Cost
- Can be expensive and time consuming
2) Security
- Even with safeguards in place, it may be possible
for some unauthorized users to access the
database.
3) Complexity in simplifying database
- Difficult to simplify a very complex database
4) Require specific programming skills
- High expertise in programming is needed to 21
generate a complex database
6.1 Introduction to Database
LEARNING OUTCOME:
At the end of this topic, students should
be able to:
2. Describe advantages and disadvantages
of database.
22
Advantages of Database
1) Reduced Data Redundancy
- Most data items are stored in only one
file, which greatly reduces duplicate data.
2) Improved Data Integrity
- When users modify data in the
database, they make changes to one file
instead of multiple files.
23
Advantages of Database
3) Shared Data
- The data in a database
environment belongs to and is
shared, usually over a network.
4) Easier Access
- The database approach allows
nontechnical users to access and
maintain data.
24
Advantages of Database
5) Reduced Development Time
- It often is easier and faster to develop
programs that use the database
approach.
25
Disadvantages of
Database
1) Database systems are complex,
difficult, and time consuming to
design.
2) Substantial hardware and
software start-up cost.
3) Damage to database affects
virtually all applications
program.
26
Disadvantages of
Database
4) Extensive conversion costs in
moving from a file-based
system to a database system.
5) Initial training required for all
programmers and users
27
Web Databases
28
Database Administrator
29
6.1 Introduction to Database
SUMMARY:
1. Definition of database
and DBMS
2. Advantages and
disadvantages
of database.
30
