Chapter 10

Solution of Triangles

Prepared by : SMK TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN, KUCHING

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 SINE RULE COSINE RULE

SIDES OF ANGLE OF AREA OF

TRIANGLES TRIANGLES TRIANGLES

AMBIGUOUS
CASES

2
1. Sine Rule

A
a b c
 
sin A sin B sin C
c b

B C
a

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Example 1
Solve the triangle ABC with side AB= 10cm, A  60
and B  40.
a b 10
Solution  
C sin 60 sin 40 sin 80
a 10
Thus, 
sin 60 sin 80
b a
10  sin 60
a
sin 80
60 40
B  8.8cm
A 10cm b 10
and, 
sin 40 sin 80
C  180  60  40  80 10  sin 40
b
sin 80
Using sine rule,
 6.5cm
a b c
 
sin A sin B sin c  C  80, a  8.8cm, b  6.5cm
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Example 2
PQR is a triangle such that R  125 , QR  5cm and
PQ  16.5cm . Solve the triangle

Solution Thus, 5

PR

16.5
sin P sin Q sin 125
R 5 cm Q
5  sin 125
125
sin P 
16.5
 0.2482
16.5 cm
P  14.37
Q  180  125  14.37
PR 16.5
P 
sin Q sin 125
Using sine rule, 16.5  sin 40.63
PR 
5 PR 16.5 sin 125
   13.1cm
sin P sin Q sin 125
 P  14.73, Q  40.63, PR  13.1cm 5
 B

Ambiguous case

c
a a

A C1 C2

A situation like this will happen if

(a) a < c
(b)  A is an acute angle (non included-angle)
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 Example
ABC is a triangle with B  25 , AB  20cm and AC  10cm , find
(a) C
(b) A
(c) the length of BC
Solution :
A

10 20
20cm 
sin 25 sin C
10cm 10cm
20  sin 25
sin C 
10
25
B C1 C2
 0.8452

(a) Using sine rule,

BC

10

20  C  57.5or122.3
sin A sin 25 sin C
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(b) A
(c) For Δ ABC1,
BC 10

20cm sin 97.3 sin 25
10cm 10cm 10  sin 97.3
BC 
sin 25
25  BC  23.5cm
B C1 C2
For Δ ABC2,
For Δ ABC1,
BC 10
ifC1  57.7 
sin 32.7 sin 25
 A  180  25  57.7  97.3 10  sin 32.7
BC 
sin 25
For Δ ABC2,
 BC  12.8cm
ifC 2  122.3
 A  180  25  122.3  32.7

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2. Cosine Rule

A
a² = b² + c² – 2bc cos A
c b b² = a² + c² – 2ac cos B
c² = a² + b² – 2ab cos C
B C
a

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 Example
In the diagram below, STU is a straight line.
R

Find
16 cm 19 cm
(a)  RST,
(b) the length of RT
S 17 cm T U

(a) TU = ST = 17 cm
Solution :
RS 2 + SU 2  RU 2 162 + 342  192
cos RST = =
2( RS )( SU ) 2(16)(34)

= 0.9660
Hence,  RST = 14.985 o

(b) RT2 = RS2 + ST2 – 2 (RS) (ST) cos RST

= 162 + 172 – 2 (16) (17) (0.9660)

= 19.5
RT = 4.416 cm 10
 AREAS OF TRIANGLES
For any triangle ABC, the area of the
triangle is given by :
Area of  ABC
= ½ ab sin C
= ½ ac sin B
= ½ bc sin A
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Example

65°

Find the area of ∆ABC.

Solution :
The Area of ∆ABC = ½(16)(24)sin 65°

= 174.01cm²

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 SPM QUESTION
Diagram 13 shows two triangles ACD and
DBC, where AEC and BED are straight
lines.
Rajah 13 menunjukkan segitiga ACD dan DBC di mana
AEC dan BED adalah garis lurus.

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Given that AE = 5 cm, AD = 4 cm, EC = 8 cm, ADE = 38 and DEC is an
obtuse angle.
Diberi bahawa AE = 5 cm, AD = 4 cm, EC = 8 cm, ADE = 38 dan DEC
ialah sudut cakah..
Calculate
Kira
(a) (i)  DEC
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
Answer
Sin DEA = K1

= 29.507 K2
= 150.493 N1

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Given that AE = 5 cm, AD = 4 cm, EC = 8 cm, ADE = 38 and DEC is an
obtuse angle.
Diberi bahawa AE = 5 cm, AD = 4 cm, EC = 8 cm, ADE = 38 dan DEC
ialah sudut cakah..
Calculate
Kira
(a) (ii) the length of DC [3 marks]

panjang DC [3 markah]

Answer.
N1  DAE =180 – 38 -29.507 = 112.493 P1

K1
DC = 14.99 N1

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Given that AE = 5 cm, AD = 4 cm, EC = 8 cm, ADE = 38 and DEC is an
obtuse angle.
Diberi bahawa AE = 5 cm, AD = 4 cm, EC = 8 cm, ADE = 38 dan DEC
ialah sudut cakah..
Calculate
Kira
((iii) the area of the triangle ADC. [2 marks]

luas segitiga ADC. [2 markah]

Answer;

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(b) Sketch triangle C’ B’ D’ which has a different shape from triangle CBD

such that D’C’ = DC , B’C’ = BC and .  C’ D’ B’ =  CDB

[ 2 marks ]
Lakar segitiga C’B’D’ yang mempunyai bentuk yang berlainan dengan
segitiga CBD dengan keadaan D’C’ = DC , B’C’ = BC dan
C’ D’ B’ =  CDB
[2 markah]

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