\fə'netɪks \
Phonetics
Accent mark
What is Phonetics?
• It is a scientific study of sounds used in human
speech. Science of speech sounds.
• Study about the speech production,
transmission and reception.
Phonetic Transcription and the
IPA
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Universal or standardized alphabets used to
transcribe the sounds occurring in human
speech.
In 1886, a group of British and French language
teachers led by the linguist Paul Passy
formed IPA.
Why do we need Phonetics?
Because of the exceptions, irregularities we
have in the spelling, alphabet and
pronunciation of words in English language.
Chalk garage shine science
Character gem champagne sign
Champagne jam
Put but
• The IPA system represents each sound of
human speech with a single symbol.
• 44 phonemes—consonants (24), vowels
(12) long are 5 and short are 7 and
diphthongs (8).
• The symbol is enclosed in
brackets [ ] \ \
Phonetics-Consonant
‘kɒnsənənt
• It has got 24 consonant sounds
– 15 common
• p, b, t, d, k, m, n, l, r, f, v, s, z, h, w
– 9 uncommon
• θ, ð, ŋ, ʃ, ʒ, j, g, tʃ, dʒ
Phonetics
• Articulatory phonetics (speech sounds)
• Acoustic phonetics (sounds – how are they
formed)
• Auditory phonetics (hearing – sounds)
Phonetics- Vowel
'vaʊə l
• 12 vowel sounds
– 5 long vowels, 7 short vowels
• 8 diphthongs
Sounds
Consonants Diphthongs
24 8
Vowels
12
5 7
Organs of Speech
Respiratory System Phonatory System Articulatory System
Lungs Muscles of Trachea Pharynx Lips Teeth Roof Tongue
the chest of the
Larynx mouth
Vocal Teeth Hard Soft Uvula
cords ridge palate palate
Tip Blade Front Back Rims
The Vocal Tract
• Pharynx
• Oral Cavity
• Nasal Cavity
• Uvula
• Tongue
(tip/blade/front/
middle/back/root)
• Hard Palate
• Soft Palate (Velum)
• Alveolar Ridge (teeth-
ridge)
• Teeth (upper &lower)
• Lips (upper &lower)
• Epiglottis
The Consonants of English
Vowels phonemic symbol
•i:, ɪ, u:, ʊ
•e, ə, ɜ:, ɔ:
•æ, ʌ, a:, ɒ
Transcribe
• Sea, seat, keep, eat, chief, keen, feet
• Bath, calm, grass, far, car, part, charm
• Earth, work, earn, turn, fern, girl, stir
• Ball, pause, salt, fault, daughter, paw
• Shoe, pool, tool, food, rule, tune, truth
• /ɪ/ as in ‘pit’ pɪt
• /e/ as in 'pet' pet
• /æ/ as in 'pat' pæt
• /ʌ/ as in ‘up' ʌp
• /ɒ/ as in 'pot' pɒt /ə/ as in 'about, 'upper'
əbaʊt,
• /ʊ/ as in 'put' pʊt
• /i:/ as in 'key' ki:
• /ɑ:/ as in 'car' kɑ: (r)
• /ɔ:/ as in 'core' k ɔ: (r)
• /u:/ as in 'cool' ku:l
• /ɜ:/ as in 'cur' kɜ:tn
• /ɪ/
• /e/
• /æ/
• /ʌ/
• /ɒ/
• /ʊ/
• /i:/
• /ɑ:/
• /ɔ:/
• /u:/
• /ɜ:/
• / ə/
Transcribe
• Lid, city, ship, fit, dish, pin, rich, pity
• Leg, desk, fell, red, pen, men, seven
• Man, sat, that, fat, back, glad, jam, bag
• Son, sun, fun, one, luck, pluck, cup
• About, around, another, along, attempt
• God, lot, cough, cross, not, pond, ox
• Pull, full, bush, push, look, should
Diphthongs
• A vowel sound that starts near the articulatory
position for one vowel and moves toward the
position for another.
• Combination of vowel sounds
•ɪə, eɪ, ʊə, ɔɪ, əʊ, еə, аɪ, аʊ
• /eɪ/ as in 'bay' beɪ
• /aɪ/ as in 'buy' baɪ
• /ɔɪ/ as in 'boy' bɔɪ
• /ɪə/ as in 'peer' pɪə
• /eə/ as in 'pear' peə
• /ʊə/ as in 'poor' pʊə
• /əʊ/ as in 'go' gəʊ
• /aʊ/ as in 'cow' kaʊ
Transcribe
• Eight, day, play, great, break, scale
• Buy, tie, time, idle, pie, lie, guy, eye
• Ploy, toy, oil, noise, choice, point, foil
• No, pole, boat, road, so, goal, soul, toe
• Found, count, now, round, loud, house
• Air, bear, pair, hair, fair, chair, bare,wear
• Fear, tier, deer,peer,beer,ear,hear, dear
• Tour, sure, cure, endure, secure,
• 1. Cut
– a. /kʌt/ b. /kɜ:t/ c. /ku:t/
• 2. Jar
– a. /ʧɑ:/ b. /ʤæ/ c. /ʤɑ:/
• 3. Food
– a. /fʌd/ b. /fʊd/ c. /fu:d/
• 4. Very
- a. /vri:/ b. /vʌri:/ c. /verɪ/
• 5. Show
• a. /ʤʊ/ b. /ʃʊ/ c. /ʃəʊ/
• 6. Young
• a. /jʌŋ/ b. /ɪʌŋ/ c. /yʌŋ/
• 7. Pleasure
• a. /pleʒə/ b. /plɜ:ʃ/ c. /pleʃ/
• 8. No
• a. /nʊ/ b. /nəʊ/ c. /nɔɪ/
• 9. Oil
• a. /ɔ:l/ b. /ɔɪl/ c. /ʊl/
• 10. Turn
• a. /tʌn/ b. /tɜ:n/ c. /tʊn/
• 11. Fort
• a. /fɜ:t/ b. /fʌt/ c. /fɔ:t/
• 1. Cut
– a. /kʌt/ b. /kɜ:t/ c. /ku:t/
• 2. Jar
– a. /ʧɑ:/ b. /ʤæ/ c. /ʤɑ:/
• 3. Food
– a. /fʌd/ b. /fʊd/ c. /fu:d/
• 4. Very
- /vri:/ b. /vʌri:/ c. /verɪ /
• 5. Show
• a. /ʤʊ/ b. /ʃe/ c. /ʃəʊ/
• 6. Young
• a. /jʌŋ/ b. /ɪʌ&/ c. /yʌ&/
• 7. Pleasure
• a. /pleʒə/ b. /plɜ:ʃ/ c. /pleʃ/
• 8. No
• a. /nʊ/ b. /nəʊ/ c. /nɔɪ/
• 9. Oil
• a. /ɔ:l/ b. /ɔɪl/ c. /ʊl/
• 10. Turn
• a. /tʌn/ b. /tɜ:n/ c. /tʊn/
• 11. Fort
• a. /fɜ:t/ b. /fʌt/ c. /fɔ:t/
Try this out
• Food
• Church
• Chef
• Nun
• Fish
• cabin
Syllable
• A unit of sound which consists of a vowel
sound is known as syllable.
• Example
• Types-Monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic,
tetrasyllabic, pentasyllabic
• Any, almost, alphabet, disparity,
excommunicate
Word Accent/stress
• The syllables which are more prominent
receive stress or accent
• Primary stress
• Secondary stress
• Whether, though, days, ground, early
• Warm, completely, morning, general
• Time, good, forecast
• Year, spell
• Fine, hold
• Whole, next
• Showers, two
Transcribe
• Sad
• Stood
• Cry
• Sing
• But
• Caught
• Nice
Transcribe
• Toy
• Fair
• Strong
• Wild
• Cheese
• Through
• Rather
• Write all the long vowels and short vowels
