Republic of the Philippines

Department of the Interior and Local

Government
BUREAU OF FIRE PROTECTION
Tarlac City Fire Station
 FIRE
 The active principle of burning,
characterized by the heat and light of
combustion (RA 9514). It is a rapid oxidation
process accompanied with the evolution of
light and heat of varying intensities
 Two kinds of Fire

Friendly or Industrial Fire

 Fire that help us on our daily living.
 Two kinds of Fire

Destructive Fire
 Ferocious Fire that seek to destroy
lives and properties .
 ELEMENTS OF FIRE

FIRE TRIANGLE/TETRAHEDRON
 ELEMENTS OF FIRE

Fuel
Any combustible material – solid, liquid or gas

FIRE TRIANGLE/TETRAHEDRON
 ELEMENTS OF FIRE
Heat
The energy necessary to increase the temperature of
fuel to where sufficient vapors are given off for
ignition to occur

FIRE TRIANGLE/TETRAHEDRON
 ELEMENTS OF FIRE
Oxygen
The air we breathe is about 21% oxygen – fire
needs only 16% oxygen.

FIRE TRIANGLE/TETRAHEDRON
 ELEMENTS OF FIRE
Chain Reaction
Chain reaction is a sequence of reactions
where a reactive products or by products causes
reactions to take place.

FIRE TRIANGLE/TETRAHEDRON
 STAGES OF FIRE
INCIPIENT
This first stage begins when heat, oxygen and a fuel source
combine and have a chemical reaction resulting in fire. This is also known
as “ignition” and is usually represented by a very small fire which often
(and hopefully) goes out on its own, before the following stages are
reached.
 STAGES OF FIRE
GROWTH
The growth stage is where the structures fire load and oxygen are
used as fuel for the fire. There are numerous factors affecting the growth
stage including where the fire started, what combustibles are near it,
ceiling height and the potential for “thermal layering”. It is during this
shortest of the 4 stages when a deadly “flashover” can occur; potentially
trapping, injuring or killing firefighters.
 STAGES OF FIRE
FULLY DEVELOPED
When the growth stage has reached its max and all combustible
materials have been ignited, a fire is considered fully developed. This is
the hottest phase of a fire and the most dangerous for anybody trapped
within.
 STAGES OF FIRE
FLASHOVER
is the near-simultaneous ignition of most of the directly exposed
combustible material in an enclosed area. When certain organic materials
are heated, they undergo thermal decomposition and release flammable
gases.
Transition between growth and fully developed stage
 STAGES OF FIRE
DECAY
Usually the longest stage of a fire, the decay stage is
characterized a significant decrease in oxygen or fuel, putting an end to
the fire. Two common dangers during this stage are first – the existence
of non-flaming combustibles, which can potentially start a new fire if not
fully extinguished. Second, there is the danger of a backdraft when
oxygen is reintroduced to a volatile, confined space.
 BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
FAST
Fire spreads quickly; there is no time to gather valuables or make
a phone call. a fire can become life-threatening. a residence can be
engulfed in flames..
 BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
DARK
Fires are always accompanied by smoke. A small fire can produce
enough smoke to fill a building in minutes. The bigger the fire the greater
the smoke and the lesser you’ll see your surroundings which makes it very
difficult to escape in a fire scene.
IN A FIRE, CRAWL LOW UNDER SMOKE
Smoke and heat rise, so during a fire
there's cleaner, cooler air near the floor.
Always try another exit if you encounter
smoke when you are escaping a fire. But
if you have to escape through smoke,
crawl on your hands and knees with you
head I to 2 feet (30 to 60 cm.) above the
floor.
 BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
HOT
Fires produce heat. Wood fires usually burn at a temperature of
around 1,950 degrees Celsius. The exact temperature of the flame is
dependent on external conditions such as the type of fuel being burned,
available ventilation, and the form of oxygen available for combustion
 BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
HOT
Three Methods of Heat Transfer
Conduction

Ordinary combustible materials

M
E
T
A
L

It is the direct transmission of heat from one body to another.

 BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
HOT
Three Methods of Heat Transfer
Convection

Convection is the transfer of heat energy by the movement of

heated fluids.
 BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
HOT
Three Methods of Heat Transfer
Radiation

Radiation is the transmission of heat energy through

electromagnetic wave.
 BEHAVIORS OF FIRE
DEADLY
Most people who die in fires, die from breathing smoke and toxic
gases. Fire produces poisonous gases that make you disoriented and
drowsy. CARBON DIOXIDE NITROGEN OXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE
 FIRE SUPPRESSION THEORY
REDUCTION OF HEAT
 Use something that absorb heat
 Use water being the best cooling agent
 Use foam which contains 94% water
 FIRE SUPPRESSION THEORY
EXCLUSION OR DEPRIVATION OF
OXYGEN
 Secure the door at close position
 Displacement or diluting oxygen by means of CO2
 Blanketing – using wet blanket as foam
 FIRE SUPPRESSION THEORY
REMOVAL OF FUEL
 Shut off fuel supply
 Relocate flammable/ combustible materials
 COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
ELECTRICAL SHORT CIRCUIT

A short circuit is a situation in which a faulty connection or damaged

wire causes electricity to travel along the wrong route and damage an
electrical device.
 COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
ELECTRICAL OVERLOADING

An overload occurs when you draw more electricity than a circuit can
safely handle. ... If there were no breaker in the circuit,
an overload would cause the circuit wiring to overheat, which could
melt the wire insulation and lead to a fire.
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
KITCHEN FIRE

Most kitchen fires are due to unattended cooking

COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
LPG LEAK
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
CHILDS CURIOSITY
 HOW TO TRANSMIT A
FIRE CALL

• Incident Involve
• Exact Location and Landmark
• Full Name of caller
• Telephone/Mobile Number

(045) 982-1356
5 CLASSES OF FIRE
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
PARTS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER

Dry Chemical
 an extinguishing agent composed of
very small particles of chemicals such
as, but not limited to, sodium
bicarbonate, potassium bicarbonate,
urea-based potassium bicarbonate,
potassium chloride, or
monoammonium phosphate
supplemented by special treatment to
provide resistance to packing and
moisture absorption (caking) as well as
to provide proper flow capabilities.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Aqueous Film Forming Foam
AFFF

 means a fluorinated surfactant

with a foam stabilizer which is
diluted with water to act as a
temporary barrier to exclude air
from mixing with the fuel vapor by
developing an aqueous film on the
fuel surface of some hydrocarbons
which is capable of suppressing the
generation of fuel vapors.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Hydrocholoroflourocarbon
HCFC 123
 Fire extinguisher contained in a
green-colored [Link] can be
used in ABC classes of fire and has a
major advantage over dry chemical
by leaving no messy residue
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER
Hexafluoropropane
HFC 236 fa
Hexafluoropropane is an organic chemical,
an organofluoride. It is a colorless gas,
usually available in the form of a liquid
gas.[1] It is used as a fire suppression agent, a
foaming agent, a highly effective refrigerant,
a heat transfer medium, a dielectric gas,
a sterilant carrier, a polymerization medium,
a carrier fluid, a displacement drying agent,
a thermodynamic power cycle working fluid,
etc.
 FIRE EXTINGUISHER
HOW TO USE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER

TPASS
TWIST THE PIN TO BREAK THE SEAL
 FIRE DRILL

- is an exercise or practice that

teach the people on how to leave
the building safely.
 FIRE DRILL
PURPOSE OF FIRE DRILL

1. Ensure the efficient and safe of exits

2. Help prevent panic
3. Occupants participating in a drill learns to:
a. locate the fire exits of the building
b. leave the building/house in a smooth, safely, orderly
and disciplined manner
c. recognize or familiarize the actual sound of the fire
alarm system
d. assemble at the designated evacuation area
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
INCIDENT COMMANDER

DEPUTY

C E F S S & R S
F
O V I A E E I
I
M A R L A S T
R
M C E V R C E
S
U U T F A C U
N A I G H E S
I T G I E
A
C I H N C
I
A O T G U
D
T N I R
I N I
O G T
N Y
 FIRE DRILL
PHASES OF EMERGENCY RESPONSE
A larm
R esponse
E vacuation
A ssembly
H ead Count
E valuation
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Incident Commander(IC)

 During emergencies, the IC should have a complete

monitoring and supervision of the situation.
 The IC must be able to immediately set up a Command
Post.
 The IC must immediately have an available copy of the
floor plan/lay out of the building.
> The IC should regularly organize fire safety seminars
and drills for the building fire brigade and
occupants
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Deputy Incident Commander(DIC)

 During an emergency, the DIC should take

charge of the situation in the absence of the
DIC
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Communication Team

 Upon hearing the fire alarm, the assigned

communication team must immediately call the
nearest fire station or any provided emergency
hotline
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Firefighting Team

 They are responsible in immediately informing

the IC if the fire is positive

 Must be able to provide quick assessment if

the fire is uncontrollable
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Evacuation Team
 Must have at least 2 members per floor

 They are responsible for providing full

assistance on the proper evacuation of all the
occupants of the building

 Should be familiar with all the entry and exit

points of the building including the designated
evacuation area
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Search and Rescue Team
 Once the evacuation signal/alarm is sounded, the
rescue team shall conduct initial search & rescue
procedures on the building

 Must immediately bring the victims at the

designated first aid station
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Salvage Team
 During a fire emergency, the salvage team is
responsible for saving savable properties within
the fire scene or those properties that can be
saved from further damage to lessen the amount
of damages
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
First Aid Team

 Responsible for the proper and immediate

application of Basic First Aid to the victims

 Must monitor the hospitals wherein the victims

were brought
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Site Security
 All security personnel are automatically designated
as Site Security members

 Should know the roles/responsibilities of ALL the fire

brigade members

 During a fire emergency, 1 security personnel must

serve as a fireman’s guide and assist the responding
BFP personnel on the exact location of the fire scene
 FIRE DRILL
EMERGENCY RESPONSE TEAM
Site Security
 The team must ensure the safety of the
evacuation area and assist the police in crowd
control

 All the members are required to be familiar with

the lay-out of the building giving much
emphasis on the location of the utility rooms
and/or tenants storing high hazard equipment
(i.e server rooms)
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
1. PRE-FIRE PLANNING

To know the problem which may be encountered

and what to do at the fire ground in case fire starts in
a particular building or area.

a) Gather information about existing conditions at

the vicinity of the building or area which is
subject for planning.

b) Conducting fire company inspection.

 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
2. SCENE SIZE-UP

Mental evaluation by the Ground Commander

which enables him to determine his course of action
and to accomplish his mission.
 To estimate the situation.
 Begins after alarm is received.

a) Nature of fire.
b) Tools or equipment available.
c)The action to take. (decision from the Ground
Commander)
d)Wind direction.
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
3. RESCUE

Removal of the victim/s from endangered area

and bring to the place of safety.
 Looking for victim/s.
 Extrication of victims.
 Determining the nature of injury.
 Stabilizing the victim.
 Bringing victims to a safe place.
 Stabilizing the scene of incident.
 Wrap up ( collect equipment and accounting of
personnel).
 Post incident analysis.
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
3.1
RESCUE
CONDITIONS IN WHICH VICTIMS MAYBE FOUND
 Injured victim
 Unconscious
 Wounded
 Burned
 Panicky
 Shocked
 Intoxicated
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
4. COVER EXPOSURE

To prevent the fire into extending/spreading to

other uninvolved buildings.

 Removal of heat to adjacent and nearby

building or structures
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
5. CONFINEMENT

To prevent the fire from extending to the

other portion of the burning building. Involves
protection of avenues of extension.

 Positioning/Maneuvering of fire apparatus

 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
6. VENTILLATION

To displace hot smoke, poisonous and toxic

gases from contaminated area and replacing fresh
air from outside.

a) Make an opening ( forced ventilation).

b) Use of fog streams.
c) Always consider the wind direction.
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
7. EXTINGUISHMENT

To put out the main body of fire.

a) Locating the main body of fire.

b) Proper use and techniques of applying fire streams.
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
7.1 EXTINGUISHMENT
DIRECT ATTACK
 If fire is limited and approachable.
Applying a solid stream directly to the base
of the fire.

INDIRECT ATTACK
 If the fire involves a large area and
confined by locating the hottest portion and
applying a stream over hottest portion.

COMBINATION ATTACK
 If the whole building is already involve by
the fire and entry is difficult.
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
8. SALVAGE

To protect properties of value from preventable

damages due to sources other than fire.

 Covering properties endangered of indirect damage.

(water or heat)
 Removing endangered properties.
 Removal of excess water.
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
8. 1 SALVAGE
4 SALVAGE PRACTICES
1) Removal or evacuating of properties according to
its priority.

2) Removal of properties to avoid fire spread.

3) Protect properties by arranging covering to avoid

damage.

4) Removal of personal belonging of the victims for

safe keeping
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
9.
OVERHAULING
To prevent the fire from rekindling.

 Looking for remaining sources of ignition such

as embers, open flames, sparks among debris.

 Making the area safe and habitable.

 Gathering physical evidences among debris to

determine cause of the fire.
 FIRE FIGHTING TECHNIQUES
10. POST FIRE
ANALYSIS

 To conduct a critique of what was done

during the fire operation.

 Is a cooperative discussion of fire personnel

about all phases of fire from the time of the
alarm was received until return to the station.
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
 FIRE SAFETY TIPS

CHARGING OF CELL PHONE OVERNIGHT

 FIRE SAFETY TIPS

WHAT TO DO IF THE CLOTHES YOU WEAR CAUGHT FIRE

 FIRE SAFETY TIPS
WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE (
DURING EARTHQUAKE )
 FIRE SAFETY TIPS
WHAT TO DO IN CASE OF EARTHQUAKE (
AFTER EARTHQUAKE )
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
FIRE SAFETY TIPS
 End of presentation

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