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Kinetics of Substrate Utilization, Product Formation and Biomass Production in Cell Cultures

This document discusses kinetics of substrate utilization, product formation, and biomass production in cell cultures. It describes biochemical reactions involving microbial cells and the factors that affect them, such as temperature and pH. Cell growth is defined, and parameters like specific growth rate, biomass concentration, and time are introduced. The document also discusses balanced growth, substrate utilization kinetics using the Luedeking-Piret model, and the different phases of microbial growth: lag, log, stationary, and death. Finally, it introduces structured and unstructured models for modelling cell growth.

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2K views22 pages

Kinetics of Substrate Utilization, Product Formation and Biomass Production in Cell Cultures

This document discusses kinetics of substrate utilization, product formation, and biomass production in cell cultures. It describes biochemical reactions involving microbial cells and the factors that affect them, such as temperature and pH. Cell growth is defined, and parameters like specific growth rate, biomass concentration, and time are introduced. The document also discusses balanced growth, substrate utilization kinetics using the Luedeking-Piret model, and the different phases of microbial growth: lag, log, stationary, and death. Finally, it introduces structured and unstructured models for modelling cell growth.

Uploaded by

faye
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KINETICS OF SUBSTRATE

UTILIZATION, PRODUCT
FORMATION AND BIOMASS
PRODUCTION IN CELL
CULTURES

PREPARED BY:
Lesly Faye B. Timon
Kinetics

 Kinetics is a study that deals


with rate of the reaction.
 It is based on the mechanisms
of any processes-physical,
chemical and biological.
Biochemical Reaction

Biochemical reaction proceeds with the


intervention of microbial cells when a
small quantity of living cell is added to a
liquid solution of essential nutrients at a
suitable temperature and pH.
Biochemical Reaction
Temperature
−𝐸𝑎/𝑅𝑡
μmax = A𝑒
𝐾d = A𝑒 −𝐸𝑑/𝑅𝑡
𝐸𝑎= activation energy of growth (10 to 20
kcal/mole
𝐸𝑑 =activation energy for death (60 to 80 kcal/
mole)
Biochemical Reaction

pH range varies by organism


bacteria (most) pH = 3 to 8
yeast pH = 3 to 6
plants pH = 5 to 6
animals pH = 6.5 to 7.5
Cell Culture
Cell growth/culture is the primary
response of viable cells to substrates and
nutrients.

Substrates/nutrients + cells → products + more cells


𝟏 𝒅𝒙
𝝁=
𝑿 𝒅𝒕
where;
𝝁 = specific growth rate (h-1)
X= cell mass concentration (g/L)
t = time
Cell Culture

Cell growth process got two


manifestation:
• Increase in biomass are accompanied
by increases in the number of cells
presents
• Increase the growth of mold size
Cell Culture

Cell growth associated process by


• Uptake of some materials from the cell
environment
• release of metabolic end product in the
surroundings
Balance Growth

Balanced growth is defined as


growth during which a doubling of
the biomass is accompanied by a
doubling of all other measurable
properties of the population
Parameters/ Phenomena
Characteristics of culture broth
Nutrients and substrate
Cell to cell heterogeneity
Microbial cells of different ages
Characterization of biochemical
pathway
Substrate Utilization Kinetics

Substrate utilization kinetics is


given as the modification of the
Luedeking Piret model, which
considers substrate conversion to cell
mass, to product and substrate
consumption maintenance,
Substrate Utilization Kinetics
𝒅𝒔 𝟏 𝒅𝒙 𝟏 𝒅𝑷
=− − + 𝒌𝒆𝒙
𝒅𝒕 𝒀𝑿/𝑺 𝒅𝒕 𝒀𝑷/𝑺 𝒅𝒕

Where;
Yx/s = the yield coefficient for biomass with
respect to substrate consumed
Yp/s=the yield coefficient for product formed
with respect to the substrate consumption.
Growth Kinetics

The
growth of
microbial
cells has
five major
phases
lag phase
 It is the
period where
the
individual
bacteria are
maturing and
not yet able
to divide.
log phase
 It is the period
characterized by
cell doubling and
the growth rate is
independent of
nutrient and
substrate
concentration.
stationary phase

 No net growth
of cell numbers
or cell mass
 cell growth
rate = cell
death rate
Death phase
 The death phase
shows an
exponential
decrease in the
number of living
cells in the media
while nutrients
are depleted.
Modelling Cell Growth
Structured model

Structured model is one perspective in


which the microbial cells are
considered as multicomponent systems.
These models are very complex and
not used very often.
Unstructured model
When cell population is treated as one
component system
Model assumes balanced growth where
cell components do not change with time
Much less complex and much more
commonly used.

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