MEDIA AND INFORMATION

LITERACY
Group 1
TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA
 TOPIC OUTLINE:

• Definition, Characteristics, Format and Types, Advantages and

Limitations,
Value
• Text as visual
• Selection criteria
• Design principle and elements
 TEXT INFORMATION AND MEDIA

Definition:
• A non fiction writing written with
intention of informing the reader
about a specific topic. Characteristics
of Text Information and Media is
any media product we wish to
examine A text is effortful to
comprehend A text has its limitations
too Images can communicate
everything at once.
 WHAT IS A TEXT?

Text
• A simple and flexible format of presenting information or
conveying ideas whether hand-written,printed or displayed on
screen.
• Any “human readable sequence of characters” that can form
intelligible words.
HOW IS TEXT USED IN THE FOLLOWING
MEDIA?
Types of text and
common file and
formats
UNFORMATTED TEXT

-is any text that is not

associated with any
formatting information. It
is plain text, containing only
printable characters, white
space, and line breaks.
• FORMATTED TEXT
-is any text that contains
special formatting such as
font size, font color, bold,
italic, etc. When
copying text, formatted
text is any text that keeps its
settings from where it is
copied
 WHAT IS TYPEFACE?
-(also known as font family) is a set of one or more fonts each composed
of glyphs that share common design features.[1] Each font of a typeface has a specific
weight, style, condensation, width, slant, italicization, ornamentation, and designer or
foundry (and formerly size, in metal fonts). For example, "ITC Garamond Bold
Condensed Italic" means the bold, condensed-width, italic version of ITC Garamond. It
is a different font from "ITC Garamond Condensed Italic" and "ITC Garamond Bold
Condensed", but all are fonts within the same typeface, "ITC Garamond". ITC
Garamond is a different typeface from "Adobe Garamond" or "Monotype Garamond".
(These are all alternative updates or digitisations of the typeface Garamond, originally
created in the 16th century.) There are thousands of different typefaces in existence,
with new ones being developed constantly.
 TECHNICAL STYLE
OF TYPEFACES
• We will go over 6 different typefaces which are own
characters. You can find a diverse range of fonts under
these typefaces.
 SERIF TYPEFACES
Serif typefaces

• are called “serifs” in reference to

the small lines that are attached to
the main strokes of characters
within the face. Serif typefaces are
most often used for body copy in
print documents, as well as for
both body text and headlines
online. The readability of serifs
online has been debated, and
some designers prefer not to use
serifs for large blocks of copy.
 WITHIN THE SERIF CLASSIFICATION, THERE ARE
MANY SUB-TYPES. SERIF TYPEFACE INCLUDES:
• Old Style Serifs like Adobe Jenson, ITC Berkeley Oldstyle, and Goudy Old
Style
• Transitional Serifs like Times New Roman, Baskerville, and Americana
• Neoclassical & Didone like Didot, Marconi, and Bodoni
• Slab Serifs like American Typewriter, Rockwell, and Soho
• Clarendon Serifs like Bookman, Clarendon, and Nimrod
• Glyphic Serifs like Albertus, Cartier Book, and Friz Quadrata
 OLD STYLE SERIFS
• (also called humanist) are the
oldest typefaces in this
classification, dating back to the
mid 1400s. The main
characteristic of old style
characters is their diagonal stress
(the thinnest parts of the letters
appear on the angled strokes,
rather than the vertical or
horizontal ones). Typefaces in this
category include Adobe Jenson,
Centaur, and Goudy Old Style.
 TRANSITIONAL SERIFS
• date back to the mid 1700s, and
are generally the most common
serif typefaces. Times New
Roman and Baskerville are both
transitional serif fonts, as are
Caslon, Georgia, and Bookman.
The differences between thick
and thin strokes in transitional
typefaces are more pronounced
than they are in old style serifs,
but less so than in modern
serifs.
 MODERN SERIFS
• which include typefaces
like Didot and Bodoni,
have a much more
pronounced contrast
between thin and thick
lines, and have have a
vertical stress and
minimal brackets. They
date back to the late
1700s.
 SLAB SERIFS
• The final main type of serif
typeface is the slab serif. Slab
serifs have little to no contrast
between thick and thin lines,
and have thick, rectangular
serifs, and sometimes have
fixed widths. The underlying
characters hapes often more
closely resemble sans serif
fonts.
 SANS-SERIF
• typefaces are called such
because they lack serif
details on characters.
Sans-serif typefaces are
often more modern in
appearance than serifs.
The first sans-serifs were
created in the late 18th
century.
 THERE ARE FOUR BASIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF
SANS-SERIF TYPEFACES:

• Grotesque like Venus, Monotype Grotesque, and News Gothic

• Neo-Grotesque like Helvetica, San Francisco, and Roboto
• Humanist like Tahoma, Verdana, Calibri, and Trebuchet
• Geometric like Gotham, Avenir, and ITC Avant Garde
 GROTESQUES
• are the earliest, and
include fonts like
Franklin Gothic and
Akzidenz Grotesk. These
typefaces often have
letterforms that are very
similar to serif typefaces,
minus the serifs.
 NEO-GROTESQUE

• typefaces include some of the

most common typefaces: MS
Sans Serif, Arial, Helvetica
and Univers are all neo-
grotesque sans serif type
fonts. They have a relatively
plain appearance when
compared to the grotesques.
 HUMANIST TYPEFACES
• include Gill Sans, Frutiger,
Tahoma, Verdana, Optima, and
Lucide Grande. These are more
calligraphic than other sans-serif
typefaces, and are also the most
legible (hence the popularity of
some of them for website body
copy). They’re more calligraphic
than other sans-serifs, meaning
they have a greater variation in
line widths.
 GEOMETRIC
• are more closely based on
geometric shapes. Generally,
the “O”s in geometrics will
appear circular, and the letter
“a” is almost always simple,
just a circle with a tail.
They’re the least commonly-
used for body copy, and are
also the most modern sans-
serifs, as a general rule.
 SCRIPT
• are based upon handwriting, and offer
very fluid letterforms. There are two basic
classifications: formal and casual. Formal
scripts are often reminiscent of the
handwritten letterforms common in the
17th and 18th centuries. Some scripts are
based directly on the handwriting of
masters like George Snell and George
Bickham. There are modern creations, too,
including Kuenstler Script. They’re
common for very elegant and elevated
typographical designs, and are unsuitable
for body copy.
 CASUAL SCRIPTS
• more closely resemble
modern handwriting, and
date back to the mid-
twentieth century. They’re
much less formal, often
with stronger strokes and
a more brush-like
appearance. Casual
scripts include Mistral and
Brush Script.
 DISPLAY TYPEFACES
• are probably the broadest category and
include the most variation. The main
characteristic is that they’re unsuitable for
body copy and are best reserved for
headlines or other short copy that needs
attention drawn to it. Display typefaces can
be formal, or informal, and evoke any kind
of mood. They’re more commonly seen in
print design, but are becoming more popular
online with the use of web fonts.
• Also included among display typefaces
are blackletter typefaces, which were the
original typefaces used with the first printing
presses. Since that time, better, more
readable fonts have been developed.
 DINGBATS AND SPECIALTY TYPEFACES
• that consist of symbols
and ornaments instead of
letters. Wingdings is
probably the best-known
dingbat font, though
there are now thousands,
often created around
themes.
COMMON FILE
FORMATS
TXT (TEXT)
• is a file extension for a text file, used by a variety of text editors. Text is a human-
readable sequence of characters and the words they form that can be encoded into
computer-readable formats

DOC (DOCUMENT)
• A native format for storing documents created by MS WORD package
• Contain a rich set of formatting capabilities

RTF (RICH TEXT FORMAT)

• Cross platform document exchange; default format for Mac OS X’s default editor TextEdit
PDF (Portable Document Format)

• is a file format that has captured all the elements of a printed document as an electronic
image that you can view, navigate, print, or forward to someone else. PDF files are
created using Adobe Acrobat , Acrobat Capture, or similar products.

PS (Postscript)

• A page description language used mainly for desktop publishing

FILE TYPE SELECTION WHEN SAVING A MS
WORD DOCUMENT:
DESIGN PRINCIPLES
AND ELEMENTS
1. Emphasis

-Importance or value given to

a part of the text-based content
2. Appropriateness

How fitting or
suitable the text is
used for a specific
audience, purpose or
event
3. Proximity

search looks for documents

where two or more separately
matching term occurrences
are within a specified
distance, where distance is the
number of intermediate words
or characters.
4. Alignment

is a word processing
software feature that allows
users to horizontally align
text on a page/document. It
enables the composition of
a text document using
different text positioning on
the whole or selected part of
a page
5. Organization

Conscious effort to recognize the

different Text elements in a
page
Ensures that while some text
elements are separated form
each other, they are still
somehow connected with the
rest of the elements in the page
6. Repetition

is a literary device
that repeats the same words or
phrases a few times to make an
idea clearer and more
memorable. ... As a rhetorical
device, it could be a word, a
phrase, or a full sentence, or a
poetical line repeated to
emphasize its significance in the
entire text.
[Link]

-contrast text structure itself,

and creates a list of words or
phrases in the text that students
can look for to help them
understand that they are being
asked to compare
and contrast two or more
different things or ideas.
GODBLESS!