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Essential Guide to Critical Thinking

The document discusses critical thinking. It defines critical thinking as the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to believe or do. It lists some key aspects of critical thinking like understanding logical connections, identifying arguments, and detecting inconsistencies. It emphasizes that critical thinking is not about accumulating information or being argumentative, but thinking outside the box. The document outlines why critical thinking is important, such as for enhancing skills, promoting creativity, and being crucial for self-reflection. It discusses theories and practices of critical thinking, including following rules of logic and avoiding cognitive biases. It also lists attitudes that help or hinder critical thinking.

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91 views28 pages

Essential Guide to Critical Thinking

The document discusses critical thinking. It defines critical thinking as the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to believe or do. It lists some key aspects of critical thinking like understanding logical connections, identifying arguments, and detecting inconsistencies. It emphasizes that critical thinking is not about accumulating information or being argumentative, but thinking outside the box. The document outlines why critical thinking is important, such as for enhancing skills, promoting creativity, and being crucial for self-reflection. It discusses theories and practices of critical thinking, including following rules of logic and avoiding cognitive biases. It also lists attitudes that help or hinder critical thinking.

Uploaded by

anon_999505407
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Critical Thinking Overview
  • Principles of Critical Thinking
  • Critical Thinking: Theory and Practice
  • Critical Thinking Attitudes
  • Critical Thinking Exercises
  • Skills for Journalists
  • Arguments
  • Session Overview

Critical Thinking

JOURNALISM
Motto:

Question Everything
Definition
Critical thinking is the ability to
think clearly and rationally about
what to do or what to believe
Critical thinking
We can:
Understand the logical connections between ideas
Identify, construct, and evaluate arguments
Detect inconsistencies and common mistakes in reasoning
Solve problems systematically
Identify the relevance and importance of ideas
Reflect on the justification of beliefs and ideas
Critical thinking
Not a matter of accumulating information
Not being argumentative or critical of other people
Out of the box
Importance of Critical thinking
Domain-general thinking skill
Very important in the new knowledge economy
Enhance language and other skills
Promote creativity
Crucial for self-reflection
Foundation of philosophy, science, and democracy
Critical thinking
CT is metacognitive skills: thinking about thinking
Aware of good principles of reasoning
Reflective about our own reasoning
Make conscious effort to improve ourselves
Avoid biases
Maintain objectivity/autonomy
Critical thinking: Theory
Follow rules of reasoning: laws of logic, methods of
scientific reasoning
Avoid knowledge mistakes:
◦Knowledge of fallacies
◦Understand bias and limits of human reasoning
Critical Thinking: Practice
NOTHING BETTER THAN PRACTICING
Discuss and debates
Think more deeply about the laws of reasoning
Trivia
Suatu pabrik menggunakan 5 mesin selama 5 menit untuk
menghasilkan 5 produk. Berapa waktu yang diperlukan untuk
menghasilkan 100 produk dengan menggunakan 100 mesin?
Critical thinking: attitude
Obstacle attitudes:
◦Prefer given answers than searching for them
◦Don’t like to think a lot
◦Don’t like to review mistakes
◦Don’t like to be criticized
Critical thinking: attitude
Supportive dispositions:
◦Truth-seeking
◦Open-mindedness
◦Analytical
◦Systematic
◦Confidence in reasoning
◦Maturity of judgment
Exercise 1
Is the following statement true?

At least three leaves exist in the universe


Exercise 2
Is the following statement true?

The grass is green


individual skills for journalist 1
Think Independently
Exercise fair-mindedness
Explore thoughts underlying feelings and feelings underlying thoughts
Refine generalization and avoid simplification
Clarify issues, conclusions, or beliefs
Clarify and analyse the meanings of words and phrases
Develop criteria for evaluation; clarify values and standards
Evaluate credibility of sources of information
Analyse and evaluate arguments, interpretations, beliefs, or theories
individual skills for journalist 2
Generate or assess solutions
Read critically
Listen critically
Examine or evaluate assumptions
Distinguish relevant from irrelevant facts
Make plausible inferences, predictions, or interpretations
Argument
Argument
Definition
◦A set of sentences such that
◦One of them is being said to be true
◦The other(s) are being offered as reasons for
believing the truth of the one
Argument

It is Friday, Marianne always wears jeans on


Friday so Marianne will be wearing jeans today
List the sentences that make up this argument
Identify the conclusion of the argument
Identify the premises of the argument
Argument
It is important to distinguish arguments from set of sentences
Argument
Set of sentences that are not arguments might:

◦ Have no relation at all between them

◦ Have between them a relation other than that characterizing an argument


Argument
A set of sentences that is not an argument:

◦ The sea is salt

◦ Jakarta is in Indonesia
Argument
But not how easy it is to make it an argument:

◦ The sea is salt therefore Jakarta is in Indonesia

Arguing is something we do with sentences


Argument
It is also important to distinguish arguments from assertions
Argument
Argument or assertion?

If it is snowing the mail will be late


Argument
◦Assertions are either true or false

◦Arguments are either good or bad


Argument
◦A good argument is one which:

◦The conclusion follows from the premises


◦The premises are all true
Critical Thinking
Next sessions:
Principles of reasoning
Logical fallacies
Good and sound argument
Biases
Limits of reasoning
Cognitive Reflection Test

Critical Thinking JOURNALISM
Motto: Question Everything
Definition Critical thinking is the ability to think clearly and rationally about what to do or what to believe
Critical thinking We can: Understand the logical connections between ideas Identify, construct, and evaluate arguments Detect
Critical thinking Not a matter of accumulating information Not being argumentative or critical of other people Out of the box
Importance of Critical thinking Domain-general thinking skill Very important in the new knowledge economy Enhance language an
Critical thinking CT is metacognitive skills: thinking about thinking Aware of good principles of reasoning Reflective about
Critical thinking: Theory Follow rules of reasoning: laws of logic, methods of scientific reasoning Avoid knowledge mistakes
Critical Thinking: Practice NOTHING BETTER THAN PRACTICING Discuss and debates Think more deeply about the laws of reasoning
Trivia Suatu pabrik menggunakan 5 mesin selama 5 menit untuk menghasilkan 5 produk. Berapa waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengha

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