Design of Business Jet

Presented By
[Link] [16BAS1015 ]
Gagandeep Kaur [16BAS1024]
 BUSINESS JET

• The first step of design process-the determination of set

of specifications or requirements.
• Conceptual design-Powerplant location, selection of
engine, wing selection.
• Preliminary design
• Detailed designs
• Depends on aerodynamic characteristics.
COMPARATIVE STUDY
OF BUSINESS
JETS
 EVALUATION OF SIMILAR EXISTING DESIGNS
SPECIFICATIONS & DIMENSIONS:
MODEL Gulfstream Dassault Bombardier Gulfstream
650er Falcon 8X Global 8000 550
COCKPIT CREW Two Two Two Two

PASSENGERS 19 12-16 17 14-19

LENGTH 30.41 metres 24.46 metres 31.2 metres 29.4 metres

(99 ft 9 in) (80.2 ft ) (102 ft) (96 ft 5 in)
 MODEL Gulfstream Dassault Bombardier Gulfstream
650er Falcon 8X Global 8000 550
WINGSPAN 30.36 metres 26.29 metres 31.7 metres 28.5 metres
(99 ft 7 in) (86.25 ft ) (104 ft) (93 ft 6 in)
WINGS AREA 119.2 m² 70.7m² 116.5 m2 -
(1283 sq ft) (761 sq ft) (1,254 sq ft)

CABIN WIDTH 2.59 m 2.34 metres 2.44 m 2.24 m

(8 ft 6 in) (92 in) (8 ft) (7 ft 4 in)

CABIN HEIGHT 1.96m 1.88 metres 8.2 m 1.88 m

(6 ft 5 in ) (74 in) (27 ft) (6 ft 2 in)
 WEIGHTS:

MODEL Gulfstream Dassault Bombardier Gulfstream

650er Falcon 8X Global 8000 550
MAXIMUM TAKE- 45,178 kilograms 33,113 kilograms 47,536 kg 41,277
OFF WEIGHT (99,600 lb) (73,000 lb) (104,800 lb) kilograms
(MTOW) (91,000 lb)

PAYLOAD 2,948 kg 2,585 kg 2,812 Kg

(6,500 lb) - (5,700 lb) (6,200 lb)
PERFORMANCE & POWER PLANT:
MODEL Gulfstream Dassault Bombardier Gulfstream
650er Falcon 8X Global 8000 550

CRUISING SPEED Mach 0.89 Mach 0.8 Mach 0.85 Mach 0.8
(945 km/h) (850km/h) (902 km/h) (850 km/h)

MAXIMUM Mach 0.9 Mach 0.9 Mach 0.925 Mach 0.85

SPEED (956 km/h) (956 km/h) (982 km/h) (902km/h)

TAKE-OFF RUN AT 1,786 metres 1,829metres - 1,801 metres

MTOW (5,858 ft) (6,000 ft) (5,910 ft)

WING SWEEP 33º - -

BACK
 MODEL Gulfstream Dassault Bombardier Gulfstream
650er Falcon 8X Global 8000 550

MAXIMUM 7,000 nautical 6,450 nautical 7,900 nautical 6,750 nautical

RANGE,FULLY miles miles miles miles
LOADED (12,964 km) (11,945 km) (14,631 km) (12,501 km)

SERVICE CEILING 15,545 metres 15,545 metres 15,545 m 15,545 m

(51,000 ft) (51,000 ft) (51,000 ft) (51,000 ft)

ENGINE(X 2) Rolls-Royce Pratt & Whitney General Electric Rolls-Royce BR710

BR725 A1-12 Canada PW307D Passport C4-11 high bypass
Turbofan

THRUST (X 2) 75.2 kilonewtons 29.9 kilonewtons 73 kilonewtons 68,44 kilonewtons

(16,900 lbf) (6,722 lbf) (16,500 lbf) (15,385 lbf)
 VELOCITY (M/S) VS RANGE (KM)
16000

14000

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
 VELOCITY (M/S) VS WEIGHT (KG)
60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
 VELOCITY (M/S) VS T/W RATIO
0.4

0.35

0.3

0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
 VELOCITY (M/S)VS ASPECT RATIO
8.8

8.6

8.4

8.2

7.8

7.6

7.4

7.2
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
 VELOCITY (M/S) VS WING LOADING (KG/M 2 )
500

450

400

350

300

250

200

150

100

50

0
285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320
 OPTIMUM VALUES :
PARAMETERS OPTIMUM VALUES

Optimum VELOCITY 317m/s

Optimum RANGE 12000Km

Optimum ALTITUDE 15000 m

Optimum WEIGHT 58,000 Kg

Optimum ASPECT RATIO 9

Optimum W/S WING LOADING 400 Kg/m2

Optimum T/W THRUST LOADING 0.31

L/D max 29
 WEIGHT
ESTIMATION
 ESTIMATING GROSS WEIGHT:

WTO = WE + WTFO + WPLC + WF,USED + WF,RES

=Take-off Weight

WE =Empty Weight

WF = WF,USED + WF,RES
= Weight of Fuel Used+ Weight of Fuel Reserve
= Total Fuel Weight

WPLC =WPL+WCREW = Weight of Payload +Weight of Crew

MTFO = WTFO / WTO=(Trapped Fuel and Oil Weight)/WTO

MFUEL = WF/WTO= Fuel Fraction

Weight of aircraft:

Overall weight, WO = WEMPTY + WPL+WCREW + WFUEL

WF = WTO – WFINAL=WTO – (Weight at End of Mission)
Estimation of WF/WTO
WF/WTO = MFUEL= 1 – WFINAL/WTO
= 1 – MFINAL

Wg = W crew+ Wpayload +Wf +We

MISSION PROFILE
MISSION PROFILE
 THE TABLE SHOWS FUEL FRACTION
VALUES FOR SEVERAL MISSION PHASES
Weight Fractions for the Various Mission Segments

Stage Description Wi/Wi-1

1 Engine start and warm-up 0.990

2 Taxi 0.995

3 Take-off 0.995

4 Climb 0.980

5 Cruise exp [-RCj/V(L/D)]

6 Descent 0.990

7 Loitering exp [-ECj/V(L/D)

8 Landing 0.992
 CALCULATION:
Estimation of Wf/Wo:
Wf/W0= 1-Mff = (W6/Wo)
Engine warm up and take off:
W1/W0 =0.990
Climbing :
W2/W1 =0.980
Cruise :
W3/W2 = exp [-RC/V(L/D)]
R=12000km
C =0.657 lb/lbhr
V=317m/s
W3/W2 =0.7655
Loitering:
W4/W3 =exp [-EC/(L/D)]
E= 37,800sec
C=0.74 lb/lb hr
L/D=29
W4/W3=0.7655
Descending :
W5/W4=0.990
Landing :
W6/W5 =0.992
W8 / W0 =0.990X0.98X0.7655X0.7655X0.99X0.992
=0.55
Wf/W0= 1-Mff=1-0.55 =0.45

Overall weight:
WO = 60,000 kg
 ENGINE
SELECTION
 ENGINE SELECTION :
SELECTION PROPULSION TYPE:
The following factors play a role in selecting the type of
propulsion system to be used.
 Required cruise speed or maximum speed
 Required maximum operating altitude
 Range and range economy
 FAR 36 noise regulations(applies to civil airplane)
 Reliability and maintainability
 Fuel amount needed
 Fuel cost
 Fuel availability
 Timely certification
 [Link] ENGINE

Engine
0.3-0.5 TURBOPROP

Selection
0.5-0.7 TURBOFAN ([Link])

0.7-0.9 TURBOFAN ([Link])

 AIRFOIL
SELECTION
Selection parameter:
Normally to select an efficient aerofoil to produce maximum lift initially we consider
about some parameters like
1. co-efficient of lift
2. Stalling velocity
3. Reynolds number

Airfoil coefficients :
Lift, drag and moment (L, D, M) acting on an aircraft wing are expressed by the
equations:

W=L=qscL

where q=1/2ρv²
CL=1/q(w/s) q=1/2×1.225×317²
=1/61549.51(400) q=61549.51kg/ms²
CL=4.061X10-8
To find CLmax:
The velocity at cruise=317m/s
Vstall=0.25×Vcruise
Vstall=0.25×317
Vstall=79.25m/s
The co-efficient of lift is maximum at stalling velocity
L=CLmax ×ρ ×Vstall× S
CLmax=2(W/S)×g /Vstall²
=(2×400×9.81)/(1.225×(79.25)²)
CLmax=1.020
For CL of Wing:-
CL= CL(Aerofoil)/√(1+2/e∏AR)
CL = 8.907
Reynolds number(Re):
ρ at=10km=0.413kg/m³
µ at=10km=1.51NS/m²×10-5
Re=ρvc/µ
 WING CONFIGURATION:
=ρ×Vstall×c/µ
=0.413×79.25×8.25/1.51×10-5
Re=17.88×106
To find chord:
We have from selection of main parameters
W/S = 400 kg/m²
Selecting a high aspect ratio (AR) will lower induced drag in cruise and save fuel.
A.R=b2/S
9=b2/152.284, b= 37 m
Taper ratio λ=0.4
Cr =2S/b(1+λ)=5.87 m
0.4=Ct/Cr
0.4=Ct/5.879
Ct=2.35 m
MEAN AERODYNAMIC CHORD :

MAC= 2/3[CR + CT –(CR *CT )/CR+CT]

MAC=4.36 m

CONCLUSION OF AIRFOIL AND WING CONFIGURATION :

CLmax=1.020
Re=17.88×106
λ=0.4
Ct=2.35 m
MAC =4.36m
 FUSELAGE
CONFIGURATION
Passengers =10
Crew =4
Seat Width =80 cm
Seat Pitch =130 cm
Aisle Width = 45 cm
Diameter = 225 cm
Cockpit length = 1.5D = 337 cm
Tail section = 2D = 450 cm
Cabin length = 900 cm
Cargo bay = 500 cm
Conference room = 801 cm
Head room = 150 cm
Total Length= 1638 cm
 Landing Distance
Let us adopt an approach angle a= 30

The average velocity during flare is Vf = 1.23X Vstall

= 97.47 m/s
Flare height = hf = R(1-cos a )
R = Vf 2 /0.2 g
= 97.472 / 0.2 X 9.81
= 4842.2 m
Tail contribution
 Future work

 Stability estimations
 V-N Diagram
 C.G shift for aircraft balance
 Stability Contro
 References
1)[Link]
2)[Link]
[Link]
3)[Link]
THANK
YOU