Submitted to-Mr.
Naveen asati
Submitted by- Disha yadav
(40) and Jalaj Tiwari
(51),Branch- EE (A4 )
Presentation
TRANSMISSION OF
ELECTRICITY FROM
GENERATING
POWER STATION
TO CONSUMERS.
Types of power
Generation
Thermal power generation
Nuclear power generation
Hydro
electric power
generation
Wind power generation
HYDRO POWER PLANT
TRANSMISSION LINE
SUBSTATION
A Substation is a part of an electrical generation,
transmission, and distribution or low to high, or many
other important functions. Electric power may flow
through several substations between generating plant
and consumer and may be changed in voltage in
several steps.
Examples of substation-
400kv/220kv substation
220kv/132kv substation
132kv/33kv substation
33kv/11kv substation
11kv/.4kv substation
Equipment of substation
Lightening Arrester
Wave Trap
Current transformer
Potential transformer
Bus Bar
Circuit Breaker
Isolator
Control and Relay panel
Lightening Arrester
Lightening arrestors are the
instrument that are used in the
incoming feeders so that to prevent
the high voltage entering the main
station. This high voltage is very
dangerous to the instrument used in
the substation. Even the instruments
are very costly, so to prevent any
damage lightening arrestors are
used.
Wave Trap
Wave trap is an instrument using for
tripping of the wave. The function of
this trap is that it traps the unwanted
waves. Its function is of trapping wave.
Its shape is like drum. It is connected to
the main feeder so that it can trap the
waves which may be dangerous to the
instruments here in the substation.
Current Transformer
Current transformer are basically
used to take the readings of the
currents entering the substation.
This transformer steps down the
current from 800 amps to 1 amp.
This is done because we have no
instrument for measuring of such a
large current.
The current transformer works on
the principle of variable flux.
Potential Transformer
There are two potential
transformers used in the bus
connected both side of the bus.
The main use of this transformer is
to measure the voltage through
the bus.
There are two main parts in it –
Measurement and Protection.
Transformer
A transformer is a static device which
transforms electrical energy from one
circuit to another without any direct
electrical connection and with the
help of mutual induction.
The word TRANSFORMER come from
the transform.
It can be either to step-up or step
down.
Bus Bar
The bus is a line in which the incoming
feeders come into and get into the
instruments for further step up and down.
A bus bar in electrical power distribution
refers to thick strips of copper or aluminum
that conduct distribution board,
substation, or other electrical apparatus.
The size of the bus bar is important in
determining the maximum amount of
current that can be safely carried.
Circuit Breaker
The circuit breakers are to break the circuit
if any fault occurs in any of the instrument.
These circuit breaker breaks for a fault
which can damage other instrument in the
station. This is only done automatically by
the circuit breaker.
There are mainly two types of circuit
breakers used for any substations- SF6
Circuit breakers and Spring circuit
breakers.
Isolator
Theuse of this isolator is to
protect the transformer and
the other instrument in the line.
The isolator isolates the extra
voltage to the extra voltage to
the ground and thus any extra
voltage cannot enter the line.
Thus an isolator is used after the
bus also for protection.
Control and Relay Panel
It is a room which contains all types of
panels.
It has two sections:-
1) Control panel section- It contain panels
related to controlling of instruments. E.g.:-
feeder panel, X-merpanel, etc.
2) Relay and protection panel section- It contains
panels related to relay systems and
protection systems. E.g.:- Relay panel, line
protection panel, etc.
Earth Switch
Earth switch is used to discharge
the voltage on the circuit to the
earth for safety.
Earth switch is mounted on the
frame of the isolators.
Earth switch is located for each
incomer transmission line and
each side of the bus-bar section.
