OPTIMZING TRAFFIC SIGNAL

SETTINGS FOR EMERGENCY

VEHICLES
 ABSTRACT

• Signals are used to control the traffic in cities.

• Drivers of the vehicles should follow the signals to safeguard

themselves as well as others.

• Traffic signals works either in clockwise or counter clockwise.

• Any one terminal’s directional signal will be in green color

and the remaining terminals’ signal will be in red color.

• In existing methodologies, emergency vehicles has to wait in

the terminal if its directional signal color is red.
• Proposed a novel framework to allow an emergency vehicle to
cross the terminal by making the signal to green color.

• Particle swarm optimization algorithm is used in this

framework.

• Microscopic traffic simulation based dynamic traffic

assignment technique is implemented in a device to carry out
the proposed framework.
 INTRODUCTION

• Intelligent Transportation Systems utilizes advanced

information and communication technologies.

• Real time vehicle to vehicle (V2V) and vehicle to road side

communications to smooth out traffic flows and reduce
congestion in roads.

• Traffic signals will play a very important role in strategic

traffic management that would lead to a preferred distribution
of traffic flows.
• The traffic management authority have to set the offset time,
split time (green time), cycle time and phase sequences.

• This is done in order to appropriately control traffic signals and

reduce the travel time in congested roads.

• The lack of coordination among traffic signals can affect

vehicles’ total travel time and incur congestions in some areas
which would further prolong the total travel time.

• A proper coordination among traffic signals can also respond

positively to emission control and environmental concerns.
 LITERATURE SURVEY

SI.NO NAME OF THE AUTHOR & TECHNIQUES MERITS ISSUES

PAPER YEAR OF IMPLEMENTED
PUBLISHING
1 Advanced Collects traffic Extracts traffic Mobile stations are
formation and H. Y. Cheng, V. parameters and parameters unable to subscribe
delivery of traffic Gau, C. W. Huang detects relevant accurately additional layers of
information in and J. N. Hwang events by analyzing data due to
intelligent & 2012 traffic surveillance insufficient
transportation videos downlink bandwidth
systems
2 Adaptive A messy approach to High fitness The population
Probabilities of M. Srinivas and L. determine solutions are size in relation to
Crossover M. Patnaik & the probabilities of protected while the fitness of the
and Mutation in 1994 crossover and solutions with population is
Genetic Algorithms mutation sub average limited to smaller
fitnesses are size
totally disrupted
3 V. Milanes, J. A fuzzy-based Managing four vehicles Only information on
An intelligent Villagra, J. control algorithm approaching an intersection longitudinal
V2I-based Godoy, J. Simo, J. that considers each from different directions is actions is been communicated
traffic Perez and E. vehicle’s safety, defined
management Onieva & 2012 comfortable
system distance and speed
adjustment for
collision avoidance
and better traffic
flow

4 Established a Models originally implemented The amount of traffic to be

Traffic D. Krajzewicz & common platform may be replaced by own simulated is
simulation 2010 for traffic research methods allowing their growing and some research
with SUMO – by providing a comparison to the existing experiments need several
Simulation of simulation tool that models in respect to the simulations
urban may be applied by simulation quality and speed to compute a single value
mobility non-programming
users in a simple
way

5 Multi-criteria X. Ma, J. Jin and An application of a A signal optimization engine Experimental results are
analysis of W. Lei & 2014 model-based based on genetic evaluated using only a single
optimal signal framework algorithm is added in the intersection.
plans using to quantify framework to implement
microscopic environmental different policy goals in
traffic models impacts and fuel mobility and sustainability.
efficiency of road
traffic
 EXISTING SYSTEM

• Traffic signals located at any intersections are synchronized

that would follow specific patterns for managing the traffic
flow and safety.

• A traffic signal performs traffic flow regulations in two

perpendicular North South and East West directions.

• The traffic light color states in these two directions are

mutually exclusive in each phase.
• Existing model uses a bi-level optimization framework to
settle the optimal traffic signal setting problem.

• The upper-level problem determines the traffic signal settings

to minimize the vehicles’ average travel time.

• The lower-level problem aims for achieving the network

equilibrium.

• Genetic Algorithm is used to select the optimum cycle, splits

and offsets simultaneously.
 DISADVANTAGES

• An emergency vehicle has to wait in the terminal if its

directional signal is red.

• Genetic algorithm results in incomprehensible solution while

making decisions for allowing an emergency vehicle to cross
the terminal.

• The number of vehicles that are taken into consideration for

genetic algorithm is limited to a smaller size.
 PROPOSED SYSTEM

• A novel framework is proposed which allows an emergency

vehicle to cross the terminal by making the signal to green
color.

• Particle swarm optimization algorithm and microscopic traffic

simulation based dynamic traffic assignment is used.

• This technique is implemented in a device to carry out the

proposed framework.

• The device will sense the direction of the emergency vehicle

by its alarm sound.
• Then the dynamic traffic assignment automatically changes the
red color to green color once it hears the alarm within its
range.

• The emergency vehicle can easily cross the terminal without

waiting for the signal.

• The proposed model is implemented on a real location and the

experimental results shows that the proposed framework is
effective when compared to the existing methods.
 ADVANTAGES

• The number of vehicles that are taken into consideration is not

limited.

• Using PSO based dynamic traffic assignment , the time taken

for changing the signal color from red to green is very less.

• Computational cost and execution speed are high when

compared to the existing methods.
SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
 MODULES

• Terminal formation & Traffic flow

• Sensing the emergency vehicle

• Clearing the signal from red to green

• Performance
 TERMINAL FORMATION & TRAFFIC FLOW

• The traffic signal setup is used in a kit.

• Signals will be implemented using the formal three colors viz

red, green and yellow.

• Signal will be in green for only one direction and the

remaining directions will be in red.

• All the vehicles will wait for a particular time to regain the
green color signal.
 SENSING THE EMERGENCY VEHICLE

• Transceivers will be fixed on both the vehicle as well as the

signal.

• The transceiver in the traffic signal will sense the emergency

vehicle using the sound waves.

• The transceivers will operate within a range.

 CLEARING THE SIGNAL FROM RED TO GREEN

• Once the transceiver in the signal receives sound waves from

the emergency vehicle, it checks the signal color of that
particular direction.

• If the color is green, no action will be taken.

• If the color is red, it will change the direction of the signal

where the signal color is green to red.

• Then the emergency vehicle’s direction will change the color

from red to green.
 PERFORMANCE EVALUATION

• The time taken by the signal's transceiver to identify the

direction of the emergency vehicle is calculated.

• This method is repeated several times and the convergence rate

is calculated.
 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• Processor : Dual core processor 2.6.0 GHZ
• RAM : 1GB
• Hard disk : 160 GB
• Compact Disk : 650 Mb
• Keyboard : Standard keyboard
• Monitor : 15 inch color monitor
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS:
• Operating System : Windows 7

• Front End : MATLAB

 CONCLUSION

• Proposed an unique framework to allow the emergency vehicle

to cross the terminal without waiting for signal.

• Implemented in a real time environment and examined.

• Experimental results shows that the proposed framework is

optimal when compared to the existing methods.

 FUTURE WORK

• In future, changing the signal immediately to red once the

emergency vehicle crosses the terminal can be implemented.

• When the emergency vehicle is approaching from two

different directions, condition should be applied to clear only
one terminal’s signal to green, should be discussed.
 REFERENCES

[1] H. Y. Cheng, V. Gau, C. W. Huang, and J. N. Hwang,

“Advanced formation and delivery of traffic information in
intelligent transportation systems,” Expert Syst. Appl., vol. 39,
no. 9, pp. 8356–8368, 2012.

[2] M. Srinivas and L. M. Patnaik, “Adaptive probabilities of

crossover and mutation in Genetic Algorithms,” IEEE Trans.
Syst. Man Cybern., vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 656–667, Apr. 1994.
[3] V. Milanes, J. Villagra, J. Godoy, J. Simo, J. Perez, and E.
Onieva, “An intelligent V2I-based traffic management
system,” IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst., vol. 13, no. 1, pp.
49–58, Mar. 2012.

[4] D. Krajzewicz, “Traffic simulation with SUMO – Simulation

of urban mobility,” in Fundamentals of Traffic Simulation,
Springer New York, 2010, pp. 269–293.

[5] X. Ma, J. Jin, and W. Lei, “Multi-criteria analysis of optimal

signal plans using microscopic traffic models,” Transp. Res.
Part D Transp. Environ., vol. 32, pp. 1–14, Oct. 2014.
THANK YOU