PREPARED BY:
SOLIDBINTI
IRDAYANI WASTE
SALLEH
KPLI KDC PENDIDIKAN KHAS
NOVEMBER INTAKE 2009
What is solid waste
• The useless and unwanted
products in the solid state
derived from the activities of
and discarded by society. It is
produced either by product of
production processes or arise
form the domestic or
commercial sector when objects
or materials are discarded after
use.
TYPES OF SOLID WASTE
• Solid waste can be classified into different types depending on
their source:
a) Household waste is generally classified as municipal waste
b) Industrial waste as hazardous waste
c) Biomedical waste or hospital waste as infectious waste.
Municipal solid waste
Domestic Waste
Commercial Waste
Community Waste
Construction Waste
Institutional Waste
Hazardous waste
Hazardous waste is waste that is
dangerous or potentially harmful to
our health or the environment.
Hazardous wastes can be liquids,
solids, gases, or sludges .
Industrial waste is a type of waste
produced by industrial activity, such
as that of factories, mills and mines.
Much industrial waste is neither
hazardous nor toxics, such as waste
fiber produced by agricultures and
logging.
Biomedical waste
Biomedical waste consists of solids, liquids,
sharps, and laboratory waste that are
potentially infectious or dangerous. It must be
properly managed to protect the general public,
specifically healthcare and sanitation workers
who are regularly exposed to biomedical
waste as an occupational hazard.
In that it comes from biological sources or is
used in the diagnosis, prevention, or treatment
of diseases. Common producers of biomedical
waste include hospitals, health clinics, nursing
homes, medical research labotories , offices of
physicians, dentists and veterinarians, home
health care and funeral homes.
Managing solid waste
• Segregation
• Recycling and reuse
• Treatment and
disposal of municipal
waste
• Composting
Managing solid waste
• Refuse : than the oInstead of buying new containers from the market,
use the ones that are in the house. Refuse to buy new items though you
may think they are prettier nes you already have.
Reuse : Do not throw away the soft drink cans or the bottles; cover
them with homemade paper or paint on them and use them as pencil
stands or small vases.
• Recycle : Use shopping bags made of cloth or jute, which can be used
over and over again [will this come under recycle or reduce? Segregate
your waste to make sure that it is collected and taken for recycling.
Reduce : Reduce the generation of unnecessary waste, e.g. carry your
own shopping bag when you go to the market and put all your
purchases directly into
Solid waste impacts on the human health
Waste that is not properly managed, especially
excreta and other liquid and solid waste from
households and the community, are a serious health
hazard and lead to the spread of infection deceases.
Unattended waste lying around attracts flies, rats, and
other creatures that in turn spread disease.
Exposure to hazardous waste can affect human
health, children being more vulnerable to these
pollutants. In fact, direct exposure can lead to
diseases through chemical exposure as the release of
chemical waste into the environment leads to
chemical poisoning.
Waste treatment and disposal sites can also create
health hazards for the neighborhood. Improperly
operated incineration plants cause air pollution and
improperly managed and designed landfills attract all
types of insects and rodents that spread disease.
Ideally these sites should be located at a safe distance
from all human settlement. Landfill sites should be
well lined and walled to ensure that there is no
leakage into the nearby ground water sources.
Solid waste impacts on the human health
• Disposal of hospital and other medical
waste requires special attention since
this can create major health hazards.
This waste generated from the hospitals,
health care centre, medical laboratories,
and research centre's such as discarded
syringe needles, bandages, swabs, plasters,
and other types of infectious waste are
often disposed with the regular non-
infectious waste.
• Waste from agriculture and industries
can also cause serious health risks. Other
than this, co-disposal of industrial
hazardous waste with municipal waste can
expose people to chemical and radioactive
hazards. Uncollected solid waste can also
obstruct storm water runoff, resulting in
the forming of stagnant water bodies that
become the breeding ground of disease.
What you can do to reduce solid
waste
• Carry your own cloth or jute bag when you go shopping.
• Say no to all plastic bags as far as possible.
• Reduce the use of paper bags also. Reuse the soft drinks
polybottles for storing water.
• Segregate the waste in the house –keep two garbage bins and see
to it that the biodegradable and the nonbiodegradable is put into
separate bins and dispose off separately.
• Dig a compost pit in your garden and put all the biodegradables
into it.
• See to it that all garbage is thrown into the municipal bin as the
collection is generally done from there.
• When you go out do not throw paper and other wrappings or even
leftover food here and there, make sure that it is put in the correct
place.
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THANK YOU
