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Lewis Structures for Chemistry Students

Lewis dot structures show the bonding between atoms in a molecule using lines to represent bonds and dots to represent unbonded electron pairs. Atoms follow the octet rule and form bonds to gain a full outer shell of 8 electrons. To draw Lewis structures: 1. Determine the total valence electrons 2. Arrange the atoms and form single, double or triple bonds between them 3. Distribute remaining electrons as lone pairs to obey the octet rule Exceptions to the octet rule include hydrogen, boron, radicals and molecules with expanded octets. Resonance structures show alternative valid Lewis structures for molecules that can be represented by more than one structure.

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Amaris Hopkins
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136 views11 pages

Lewis Structures for Chemistry Students

Lewis dot structures show the bonding between atoms in a molecule using lines to represent bonds and dots to represent unbonded electron pairs. Atoms follow the octet rule and form bonds to gain a full outer shell of 8 electrons. To draw Lewis structures: 1. Determine the total valence electrons 2. Arrange the atoms and form single, double or triple bonds between them 3. Distribute remaining electrons as lone pairs to obey the octet rule Exceptions to the octet rule include hydrogen, boron, radicals and molecules with expanded octets. Resonance structures show alternative valid Lewis structures for molecules that can be represented by more than one structure.

Uploaded by

Amaris Hopkins
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Molecular Structure

Lewis Diagrams

I II III
Purpose of Lewis Dot
Structures
 Lewis structures are a way to write chemical
compounds where all the atoms and electrons
are shown.
 Element symbols represent the atoms of
different elements
 Lines are used to represent covalent bonds
btwn. atoms
 Each line represent 2 electrons!
 Dots are used to represent nonbonding (lone
pair) electrons.
Lewis Dot Diagrams
X
 Single Electron Dot Diagrams
 show valence e- as dots
 distribute dots based on electron
configuration
 4 sides = 1 s-orbital, 3 p-orbitals
 Ex: oxygen

2s2
2p4
O
A. Octet Rule
 Remember…
 Most atoms form bonds in order to
have 8 valence electrons!
B. Drawing Lewis Diagrams for
Covalent Compounds
1. Find total # of valence e-.
2. Arrange atoms - singular atom is usually
in the middle.
3. Form bonds between atoms (2 e-).
4. Distribute remaining e- to give each atom
an octet.
 Exceptions: Boron only wants 6 and
Hydrogen only wants 2
5. If there aren’t enough e- to go around,
form double or triple bonds.
B. Drawing Lewis Diagrams
 CF4
1 C × 4e- = 4e-
4 F × 7e- = 28e-
32e- F
- 8e-
24e- F C F
F
B. Drawing Lewis Structures
 SCl2
1 S × 6e- = 6e-
2 Cl × 7e- = 14e-
20e-
- 4e-
16e- Cl S Cl
B. Drawing Lewis Diagrams
 CO2
1 C × 4e- = 4e-
2 O × 6e- = 12e-
16e-
- 4e-
12e- O C O
A. Octet Rule
Exceptions:
F F

F B F
 Hydrogen  2 valence e -

H
N
F OS O
 Boron  6 valence e
HF-

F
 Expanded octet  more than 8

F
Very
valence e (e.g.
-
F
unstable!!
Sulfur Hexafluoride)

 Radicals  odd # of valence e-


D. Resonance Structures
 Molecules that can’t be correctly
represented by a single Lewis diagram
because there is more than one “right”
way.
 Actual structure is an average of all the
possibilities.
 Show possible structures separated by a
double-headed arrow.
D. Resonance Structures
 SO3

O O
O S O O S O
O
O S O

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