Management and
Operations
Management Roles
• Henry Mintzberg, understood this and organized the roles of
management systematically in his 1990 book Mintzberg on
Management: Inside our Strange World of Organizations.
• Mintzberg divides managerial work into three categories:
• Interpersonal roles,
• Informational roles
• Decisional roles.
Interpersonal Roles
• The Figurehead: performs ceremonial duties. Examples: greeting
visiting dignitaries, attending an employee’s wedding, taking an
important customer to lunch.
• The Leader: responsibility for the work of subordinates, motivating
and encouraging employees, exercising their formal authority.
• The Liaison: making contacts outside the vertical chain of
command including peers in other companies or departments, and
government and trade organization representatives.
Informational Roles
• 4. The Monitor: scans the environment for new
information to collect.
• 5. The Disseminator: Passing on privileged information
directly to subordinates.
• 6. The Spokesperson: Sharing information with people
outside their organization. Examples: a speech to a lobby
or suggesting product modifications to suppliers.
Decisional Roles
• 7. The Entrepreneur: Seeks to improve the unit by initiating
projects.
• 8. The Disturbance Handler: Responds involuntarily to pressures
too severe to be ignored. Examples: a looming strike, a major
customer gone bankrupt, or a supplier reneging on a contract.
• 9. The Resource Allocator: Decides who gets what.
• 10. The Negotiator: Committing organizational resources in “real-
time” with the broad information available from their informational
roles.