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Theories Explaining Second Language Learning: By: Desi Rahmawati 932205217

The document summarizes four theories that explain second language learning: 1) The behaviorist perspective focuses on imitation, practice, reinforcement, and habit formation. 2) The innatist perspective argues innate Universal Grammar allows children to acquire language. 3) The cognitive perspective views language learning as a cognitive process involving automatic and controlled learning. 4) The sociocultural perspective emphasizes that learning occurs through social interaction and internalizing knowledge gained from social activities.

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Aisya Moya
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139 views10 pages

Theories Explaining Second Language Learning: By: Desi Rahmawati 932205217

The document summarizes four theories that explain second language learning: 1) The behaviorist perspective focuses on imitation, practice, reinforcement, and habit formation. 2) The innatist perspective argues innate Universal Grammar allows children to acquire language. 3) The cognitive perspective views language learning as a cognitive process involving automatic and controlled learning. 4) The sociocultural perspective emphasizes that learning occurs through social interaction and internalizing knowledge gained from social activities.

Uploaded by

Aisya Moya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theories Explaining

Second Language
Learning
By:
Desi Rahmawati
932205217
Based on Pasty M. Lightbown & Nina Spada’s
book
The The
Behaviorist Cognitive
Perspective Perspective

The
The Innatist Sociocultur
Perspective al
Perspective

2
Second Language Applications :
Mimicry and memorization
Nelson Brooks (1960) and Robert Lado (1964)
were two proponents of this perspective.
Behaviourist
Perspective
Behaviorist theory dominated both
psychology and linguistics in the 1950's.
This theory explained learning in terms of
imitation, practice, reinforcement (or
feedback on success), and habit
formation.

3
INNATIST
PERSPECTIVE

Chomsky argued that Lydia White (2003) and Robert Bley-Vroman &
innate knowledge of the other linguists have Jacquelyn Schachter (1990)
principles of Universal argued that Universal have suggested that, although
Grammar permits all Grammar offer the best Universal Grammar may be an
children to acquire the perspective from which appropriate framework for
language of their to understand second understanding first language
environment during a language acquisition. acquisition, it does not offer a
critical period of their good explanation for the
development. acquisition of a second
language, especially by
learners who have passed the 4
critical period.
Innatist Perspective

Second Language
Applications: Krashen’s
The Acquisition Learning
Hypothesis ‘Monitor
Krashen Model’
described his model in terms of
five hypothesis.

The Natural Order The Monitor Hypothesis


Hypothesis

The
ve Filter Hypothesis Comprehensible
Input Hypothesis

5
The Cognitive
Perspective
Cognitivists claimed that the conditions for
learning language are the same conditions
that are necessary for any kind of learning.
They believed that human beings have the
capacity for developing logical thinking.
Acquiring knowledge is a cognitive process
which involves automatic processing
(rountinzed) and controlled (temporary)
learning.

6
Second Language Applications: Interacting,
noticing, processing, and practising
The Cognitive Perspective

The
Noticing
The Interaction Input Processa The Role
Hypothes
Hypothesis Processi bility of
is
ng Practice

7
The Sociocultural
Perspective
In Vygotskyan theory, greater
importance is attached to the
conversations themselves, with
learning occuring through the
social interaction. Sociocultural
theory holds that people gain
control of and reorganize their
cognitive processes during
mediation as knowledge is
internalized during social activity.
Second Language Applications: Learning by Talking

The Sociocultural Perspective

Using the term Swain (2000) considers


collaborative dialogue collaborative dialogues
Swain and Lapkin and their such as these as the
colleagues have carried out context where ‘language
a series of studies to use and language
determine how second learning can co-occur. It
language learners co- is language use
construct linguistic mediating language
knowledge while engaging in learning. It is cognitive
production tasks (speaking activity and it is social
and writing) that activity.
simultaneously draw their
attention to form and
meaning.
Conclusion
There are four theories for explaining Second Language Learning,
such as behaviorist perspective, innatist perspective, cognitive
perspective and sociocultural perspective. All theories of language
acquisition are intended to account for is the ability of human
learners to acquire language within a variety of social and
instructional environments

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