Heavy Equipment In

Construction Sites

Submitted by
Mg Myo Zaw Ko
Roll No: VIC -51
Contents
1. What is heavy equipment?

2. Why heavy equipment are important in construction

sites?

3. Types of heavy equipment used in construction sites.

4. Safety of heavy equipment in construction sites.

operations or other large operation tasks.

Selection of different types of heavy equipment depends on the size of

the work and economy of the project. 

These heavy equipment are essential part of an operating project of

large construction.
 Why heavy equipments are
important in construction sites?
 an essential part for a cost-efficient and on time construction.

 Heavy equipment helps to complete heavy-duty task in the easiest

way to minimize risk and also reduces the need for manual labour.

Reduces the minor risk caused by manual labour and protect the

safety of operators and site engineering.

1. Excavators
2. Backhoe
3. Dragline Excavator
4. Bulldozers
5. Graders
6. Trenchers
7. Loaders
8. Tower Cranes
9. Pavers
10. Wheel Tractor Scrapers
 1. Excavators
important and widely used equipment in construction industry.

aim for excavation but are also used for many purposes like
heavy lifting, demolition, river dredging, cutting of trees.
contains a long arm and a cabinet.
At the end of long arm, digging bucket is provided

cabinet is the place provided for machine operator.

 is another widely used equipment which is suitable for multiple

purposes.

 telling that the hoe arrangement is provided on the back side of

vehicle while loading bucket is provided in the front.

 well useful for excavating trenches below the machine level and using

front bucket loading, unloading and lifting of materials can be done.

is another heavy equipment used in construction which is generally

used for larger depth excavations.

consists a long length boom and digging bucket is suspended from

the top of the boom using cable.

For the construction of ports, for excavations under water, sediment

removal in water bodies etc. can be done by dragline excavator.

 another type of soil excavating equipment which are used to remove

the topsoil layer up to particular depth.

 The removal of soil is done by the sharp edged wide metal plate

provided at its front. This plate can be lowered and raised using

hydraulic pistons.

 are widely used for the removal of weak soil or rock strata, lifting of

soil, etc..
Fig. 4. Bulldozers
 5.Graders
also called as motor graders are another type of equipment used in
construction especially for the construction of roads.
mainly used to level the soil surface.
contains a horizontal blade in between front and rear wheels and this
blade is lowered in to the ground while working.
Operating cabin is provided on the top of rear axle arrangement.
Motor Graders are also used to remove snow or dirt from the roads,
to flatten the surface of soil before laying asphalt layer, to remove
unnecessary soil layer from the ground, etc..
Fig. 5. Graders
 6. Trenchers
Aim to excavate trenches in soil.
 a generally used for pipeline laying, cable laying, drainage purposes
etc.
 available in two types namely chain trenchers and wheeled
trenchers.
Chain trenchers contains a fixed long arm around which digging
chain is provided. Wheeled trenchers contains a metal wheel with
digging tooth around it. To excavate hard soil layers, wheeled
trenchers are more suitable. Both types of trenchers are available in
tracked as well as wheeled vehicle forms.
Fig. 6. Trenchers
 7. Loaders
used in construction site to load the material onto dumpers, trucks

etc.

The materials may be excavated soil, demolition waste, raw

materials, etc.

 A contain large sized bucket at its front with shorter moving arm.
 may be either tracked or wheeled. Wheeled loaders are widely used
in sites while tracked or crawled loaders are used in sites where
wheeled vehicles cannot reach.
Fig. 7. Loaders
 8. Tower Cranes
 fixed cranes which are used for hoisting purposes in construction of
tall structures.
Heavy materials like pre-stressed concrete blocks, steel trusses,
frames etc. can be easily lifted to required height using this type of
equipment.
They consists mast which is the vertical supporting tower, Jib which
is operating arm of crane, counter jib which is the other arm carries
counter weight on rear side of crane and an operator cabin from
which the crane can be operated.
Fig. 8. Tower Cranes
 9. Paver

 Paver or Asphalt paver is pavement laying equipment which is used in

road construction.

 contains a feeding bucket in which asphalt is continuously loaded by

the dump truck and paver distributes the asphalt evenly on the road

surface with slight compaction.

 However a roller is required after laying asphalt layer for perfect

compaction.
Fig. 9. Paver
 10.Wheel Tractor Scrapers
Wheel Tractor Scrapers are earth moving equipment used to provide
flatten soil surface through scrapping. Front part contains wheeled
tractor vehicle and rear part contain a scrapping arrangement such as
horizontal front blade, conveyor belt and soil collecting hopper.
When the front blade is lowered onto the ground and vehicle is
moved, the blade starts digging the soil above the blade level and
the soil excavated is collected in hopper through conveyor belt.
When the hopper is full, the rear part is raised from the ground and
hopper is unloaded at soil dump yard.
Fig. 10. Wheel Tractor Scrapers
Safety of heavy equipment in
construction sites
Before you start, check that machine is completed with all
safeguards fitted and free from defects.
Used fixed safeguards( for example, secured with screws or nuts
and bolts) to enclose the dangerous parts.
Only authorized persons are allowed to operate any types of heavy
equipment in construction sites.
Picture and phone contact of authorized persons must be attached to
each heavy equipment.
 Thank you for
your attention