The Base Station Subsystem
(BSS) and Voice Processing
GSM to LTE‐Advanced Pro and 5G
1.7.1 - 1.7.2
P24 to P27
Prepared by: Hiwa Luqman
M u h a m m e d J a ff e r
Supervisor : Salar Kheder
OUTLINE
o Frequency Bands
o GSM frequency bands.
o The Voice Group Call Service (VGCS).
o The Voice Broadcast Service (VBS)
o Enhanced Multi‐Level Precedence and
Preemption (EMLPP).
o The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 2
Frequency Bands
frequency band is an interval in the frequency domain, delimited by a
lower frequency and an upper frequency. The term may refer to a radio
band or an interval of some other spectrum.
Uplink refers to the transmission from the mobile device to the network
.
Downlink to the transmission from the network to the mobile device.
The bandwidth of 25MHz is split into 125 channels with a bandwidth of
200kHz each.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 3
Frequency Bands
GSM uplink and downlink in the 900MHz frequency band.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 4
GSM frequency bands
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 5
GSM‐R
GSM was enhanced to support a number of private mobile radio
and railway‐specific functionalities and this version is known as
GSM‐R.
The additional functionalities include the following:
The Voice Group Call Service (VGCS).
The Voice Broadcast Service (VBS).
Enhanced Multi‐Level Precedence and Preemption (EMLPP).
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 6
GSM‐R functionalities
The Voice Group Call Service (VGCS):-
This service offers a circuit‐switched walkie‐ talkie functionality to allow subscribers who
have registered to a VGCS group to communicate with all other subscribers in the area
who have also subscribed to the group.
The Voice Broadcast Service (VBS):-
It is similar to VGCS, with the restriction that only the originator of the call is allowed to
speak.
Enhanced Multi‐Level Precedence and Preemption (EMLPP).
used to attach a priority to a point‐to‐point, VBS or VGCS call. This enables the network
and the mobile devices to automatically preempt ongoing calls for higher priority calls to
ensure that emergency calls (e.g. a person has fallen on the track) are not blocked by
lower priority calls and a lack of resources (e.g. because no timeslots are available).
E rbil Polytechnic University
7
Information Systems Engineering Department
The Base Station Subsystem(BSS)
oThe BSS is composed of two parts:
oThe Base Transceiver Station BTS
o The Base Station Controller BSC
• The BTS and the BSC communicate across the specified A-bis interface, enabling operations
between components that are made by different suppliers. The radio components of a BSS may
consist of four to seven or nine cells. A BSS may have one or more base stations. The BSS uses
the A-bis interface between the BTS and the BSC. A separate high-speed line T1orE1 is then
connected from the BSS to the Mobile MSC.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 8
The Base Station Subsystem(BSS)
GSM BSS
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 9
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
GSM BTS
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 10
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
The BTS houses the radio transceivers that define a cell and handles the
radio link protocols with the MS. In a large urban area, a large number of
BTSs may be deployed.
The BTS corresponds to the transceivers and antennas used in each cell of
the network. A BTS is usually placed in the center of a cell. Its transmitting
power defines the size of a cell. Each BTS has between 1 and 16 transceivers,
depending on the density of users in the cell. Each BTS serves as a single cell.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 11
BTS - functions
• Encoding, encrypting, multiplexing, modulating, and feeding the RF signals
to the antenna
• Transcoding and rate adaptation
• Time and frequency synchronizing
• Voice through full- or half-rate services
• Decoding, decrypting, and equalizing received signals
• Random access detection
• Timing advances
• Uplink channel measurements.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 12
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
Base stations, which are also called base transceiver stations (BTSs), are the
most visible network elements of a GSM system .
Base stations are also the most numerous components of a mobile network.
base station can cover an area with a radius of up to 35km , This area is also
called a cell.
As the emissions of different base stations of the network must not interfere
with each other, all neighboring cells have to send on different frequencies.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 13
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
single base station usually has quite a number of neighboring sites.
only a limited number of different frequencies can be used per base station
to increase capacity.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 14
The Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
To increase the capacity of a base station, the coverage area is usually split
into two or three sectors, which are then covered on different frequencies
by a dedicated transmitter.
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 15
Reference
- From GSM to LTE‐Advanced Pro and 5G
- https://www.tutorialspoint.com/gsm/gsm_base_station_subsystem.htm
- GSM Base Station Subsystem Management Application By
“Vit Novotny, Pavel Svoboda”
E rbil Polytechnic University
Information Systems Engineering Department 16
Thank You.
