ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

FINAL TERM

VIRGIE LYN A. RANAY, RN,LPT,MAEd

INSTRUCTOR
 What are Natural Resources
Natural resources are the
material which gifted by
nature, and we use them as
resources in our day to day
life. Thus mining, petroleum
extraction, fishing, hunting,
and forestry are generally
considered as natural-
resource industries.
NATURAL RESOURCES
Natural resources play a
significant part in our lives. It
will be really difficult to
imagine the world without the
natural resources. The globe
without natural resources will
be the as the globe without
nature. The resources not only
add to our lives, they serve the
realm of progress.
 NATURAL RESOURCES ARE OF TWO
TYPES :-NATURAL
RENEWABLE NON-RENEWABLE NATURAL
RESOURCE RESOURCE

• Those resources which can • Those resources which

be replenished in a short cannot be replenished in a
period of time like air, water, short period of time like
sunlight, forests etc. minerals (coal, petroleum,
natural gas, metals etc.)
because they take millions of
years to be formed.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES

• As the human population is continuously growing the

consumption of natural resources is also increasing. With the
increasing industrialization and urbanization of the modern
human society, the use of all the resources is rising. If they
are not properly used and well managed, a serious scarcity
will result. Therefore we need to conserve the natural
resources. This will also upset the ecological balance.
• Conservation is the proper management of a natural resource
to prevent its exploitation, destruction or degradation.
• Conservation is the sum total of activities, which can derive
benefits from natural resources but at the same time prevent
excessive use leading to destruction or degradation.
NEED FOR CONSERVATION OF
NATURAL RESOURCES

• We know that nature provides us all our basic needs but we tend to
overexploit it. If we go on exploiting the nature, there will be no more
resources available in future.

• There is an urgent need to conserve the nature. Some of the needs are :

 to maintain ecological balance for supporting life.

 to preserve different kinds of species (biodiversity).
 to make the resources available for present and future generation.
 to ensure the survival of human race.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND
TRADITIONS OF PHILIPPINES
• The country is widely acknowledged as having an outstanding endowment of
natural resources, which could provide essential ecosystem services to the
population.

• Demands arising from development and utilization activities, population

expansion, poor environmental protection, and external factors such as climate
change, however, have placed the country’s environment and natural resources
under grave threat.

• For the medium-term, an environment that is healthy, ecologically balanced,

sustainably productive, climate change resilient, and one that provides for
present and future generations of Filipinos is envisioned.

• This vision will be pursued through an integrated and community-based

ecosystems approach to environment and natural resources management,
precautionary approach to environment and natural resources, sound
environmental impact assessment (EIA) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA).

• These, then, are all anchored on the principles of shared responsibility, good
governance, participation, social and environmental justice, intergenerational
space and gender equity, with people at the core of conservation, protection and
rehabilitation, and developmental initiatives.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND
TRADITIONS OF PHILIPPINES
• Goal 1. Improved Conservation, Protection and Rehabilitation of
Natural Resources
– In order to improve the conservation, protection, and rehabilitation of the
country’s natural resources, the sector shall pursue their sustainable use
and integrated management. Natural resources management activities
shall be directed at enhancing the state of the different ecosystems and
the natural resources within them to provide resource-dependent
communities with sustainable livelihoods. Priority shall be given to the
implementation of national action plans on forest, biodiversity, coastal
and marine resources and wetlands. Mechanisms and policies will be
pursued to rationalize the use of the country’s land and mineral
resources. In line with the National Framework Strategy on Climate
Change, integrated ecosystem-based management will continue to be
adopted as a major strategy for sustainable natural resource
management as well as a means to adapt to climate change scenarios. As
a safeguard for all undertakings with a potential impact on the
environment and natural resources, a mechanism for third party cost-
benefit analysis31 and monitoring shall be enforced that takes
environmental and social costs and benefits into account.
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND
TRADITIONS OF PHILIPPINES
• Goal 2. Improved Environmental Quality for a Cleaner and

Healthier Environment
– In order to provide communities with a healthier environment, the quality of the
air, land and water must improve. Vital to the improvement of environmental
quality is the full implementation of laws and other regulatory measures.
Measures to reduce pollution and waste generation will also be pursued. The
promotion of green jobs and the greening of industry are win-win solutions that
should be pursued.
– Reduce air pollution in Metro Manila and other major urban centers
– Reduce water pollution to improve water quality in priority rivers and other
economically and ecologically important water bodies
– Reduce wastes generated and improve waste disposal
– Establish a healthier and livable urban environment
CONSERVATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES AND
TRADITIONS OF PHILIPPINES
• Goal 3. Enhanced Resilience of Natural Systems and Improved
Adaptive Capacities of Human Communities to Cope with
Environmental Hazards Including Climate Related Risks

– Strengthen institutional capacities of national

and local governments
– Enhance the resilience of natural systems
– Improve adaptive capacities of communities
 CONSERVATION OF
SOIL
• In the previous section we learnt about the various causes of soil erosion.
Soil loses its fertility due to erosion. So we need to conserve the soil. Soil
conservation means checking soil erosion and improving soil fertility by
adopting various methods. Let us know some of these methods.
• 1. Maintenance of soil fertility: The fertility can be maintained by adding
manure and fertilizers regularly as well as by rotation of crop.
• 2. Control on grazing: Grazing should be allowed only on the areas meant
for it and not on agricultural land.
• 3. Reforestation: Planting of trees and vegetation reduces soil erosion by
both water and wind.
• 4. Terracing: Dividing a slope into several flat fields to control rapid run
of water. It is practiced mostly in hilly areas.
• 5. Contour ploughing: Ploughing at right angles to the slope allows the
 Conservation of Water

Conservation and management of water are essential for the survival

of mankind, plants and animals. This can be achieved adopting the
following methods:
1. Growing vegetation in the catchment areas, which will hold
water in the soil and allow it to percolate into deeper layers and
contribute to formation of ground water.
2. Constructing dams and reservoirs to regulate supply of water
to the fields, as well as to enable generating hydroelectricity.
3. Sewage should be treated and only the clear water should be
released into the rivers.
4. Industrial wastes (effluents) should be treated to prevent
chemical and thermal pollution of fresh water.
5. Judicious use of water in our day-to-day life.
6. Rainwater harvesting should be done by storing rainwater
and recharging groundwater.
Different methods of water harvesting
 Conservation of Biodiversity
Now you have an idea of the importance of biodiversity for our survival and how
it is destroyed. Let us know how to protect the biodiversity. There are two basic
strategies for conservation of biodiversity:
(i) In-situ conservation
(ii) Ex-situ conservation
(i) In-situ (on site) conservation includes the protection of plants and animals
within their natural habitats or in protected areas. Protected areas are areas of
land or sea dedicated to protection and maintenance of biodiversity. For example:
e.g., National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, etc.
(ii) Ex-situ (off site) conservation is the conservation of plants and animals outside
their natural habitats. These include Botanical Gardens, Zoo, Gene Banks, DNA
Banks, Seed Banks, Pollen Banks, Seedling and Tissue Culture etc.
 Conservation of Forests
Forests is an important part of the environment, because trees clean
the air and keep the atmosphere cool. We cannot live without plants,
because the oxygen need for breathing is produced by plants.
Trees absorb sunlight and reduce the heat. Plants provide fodder for
animals, firewood, timber, medicines, honey, wax, gum, lac and food
for us. Tree roots penetrate deep into the soil and from cavities in
the ground. The dry leaves which fall on ground, cover the soil and
absorb more rain water, which slowly percolates through the soil.
Thus, a large portion of the rain water can be retained in the field,
by planting more trees. Flooding or rivers can be prevented by
protecting trees in the forest.
FOR THE CONSERVATION OF FORESTS, FOLLOWING METHODS
CAN BE TAKEN:

• (a) Conservation of forest is a national problem so it must be tackled with perfect

coordination between forest department and other departments.
• (b) People's participation in the conservation of forests is of vital importance. So, we must
get them involved in this national task.
• (c) The cutting of trees in the forests must be stopped at all costs.
• (d) Afforestation or special programmes like Van Mahotsava should be launched on grand
scale.
• (e) Celebrations of all functions, festivals should precede with tree-plantation.
• (f) Cutting of timber and other forest produce should be restricted.
• (g) Grasslands should be regenerated.
• (h) Forest conservation Act 1980 should be strictly implemented to check deforestation.
• (i) Several centres of excellence have been setup and awards should be instituted.
 What is Environment?
Our Environment is our surrounding. This includes living and
non-living things around us. The non-living components of
environment are land, water and air. The living components
are germs, plants, animals and people. All plants and animals
adjust to the environment in which they are born and live. A
charge in any component of the environment may cause
discomfort and affect normal life. Any unfavorable change or
degeneration in the environment is known as ‘Environmental
Pollution.
We need to protect our environment to live happily.
 How to Maintain a Good Environment?
For better environment, all its components should be
protected from pollution and the surroundings should be
clean. We need to take good care of our land, water
resources, forests and atmosphere . it is also necessary to
ensure a balance between these resources and living
creatures, to meet our needs.
We can protect our
environment in
many ways. Let us
act now and
persuade others to
join us. This will
ensure safety for
our future
generations.
WRITTEN OUTPUT 1

CREATE A LEAFLET OR BROCHURE SHOWING THE CONSERVATION

OF NATURAL RESOURCES.

•Submission is after the Enhanced Community Quarantine and when schools

will resume its classes.

Thank you and keep safe everyone!

John 16:33
These things I have spoken to you, that in me you might have peace. In the
world you shall have tribulation: but be of good cheer; I have overcome the
world.