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Real-Life Applications of Piecewise Functions

The document discusses piecewise functions and step functions. It provides examples of using piecewise functions to represent costs that involve an initial fee plus additional fees for amounts over a certain threshold, such as: - A jeepney fare that is Php 8 for the first 4 km, then adds Php 1.50 for each additional integer km - A taxi fare that is Php 40 for the first 500m, then adds Php 3.50 for each additional 300m or fraction thereof It also discusses floor and ceiling functions and how they are used to represent costs when distances are expressed in integers vs fractions.

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Neil Janas
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2K views46 pages

Real-Life Applications of Piecewise Functions

The document discusses piecewise functions and step functions. It provides examples of using piecewise functions to represent costs that involve an initial fee plus additional fees for amounts over a certain threshold, such as: - A jeepney fare that is Php 8 for the first 4 km, then adds Php 1.50 for each additional integer km - A taxi fare that is Php 40 for the first 500m, then adds Php 3.50 for each additional 300m or fraction thereof It also discusses floor and ceiling functions and how they are used to represent costs when distances are expressed in integers vs fractions.

Uploaded by

Neil Janas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
  • Introduction to Piecewise Functions
  • Understanding Step Functions
  • Practical Applications and Further Examples of Functions

REVIEW ON

PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Situations demand multiple formulas as mathematical
models.
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 A user is charged Php 300 monthly for a particular mobile
plan, which includes 100 free text messages. Messages in
excess of 100 are charged Php 1 each. Represent the
monthly cost for text messaging using the function C(m)
where m is the number of messages sent in a month.
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

A user is charged Php 300 monthly for a particular mobile plan, which includes
100 free text messages.

Messages in excess of 100


PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Solution
… are charged Php 1 each.
For each excess message, one peso is charged.
Say m=101 messages, then C=Php 301
m=102 messages, then C=Php 302
m=103 messages, then C=Php 303
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Solution

m C
101 301 =101+200
102 302 =102+200
103 303 =103+200
C=m+200
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

Combining all equations.


ANOTHER WAY OF SOLVING
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Another Solution
 

A user is charged Php 300 monthly for a particular mobile


plan, which includes 100 free text messages.
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Another Solution
Messages in excess of 100 are charged Php 1 each.
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Another Solution
 

Messages in excess of 100 are charged Php 1 each.

Using ratio and proportion for ,


PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Another Solution
 

Messages in excess of 100 are charged Php 1 each.

At
PIECEWISE FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

Combining all equations.


STEP
FUNCTIONS
M.M.M. Abella
TYPES OF STEP FUNCTIONS
Floor Functions

Step Functions
FLOOR FUNCTIONS
 Also known as the greatest integer function
Example:
FLOOR FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

4 5

Which circle is filled?


FLOOR FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

5 6

Which circle is filled?


FLOOR FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

4 5

Which circle is filled?


FLOOR FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

-6 -5

Which circle is filled?


FLOOR FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

6 7

5 6

Which circles are filled?


5, 6
Which is larger? 6
FLOOR FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

-6 -5

-7 -6

Which circles are filled?


-7, -6
Which is larger? -6
CEILING FUNCTIONS
 Also known as the smallest integer function
Example:
CEILING FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

4 5

Which circle is filled?


CEILING FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

5 6

Which circle is filled?


CEILING FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

4 5

Which circle is filled?


CEILING FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

-6 -5

Which circle is filled?


CEILING FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

6 7

5 6

Which circles are filled?


6, 7
Which is smaller? 6
CEILING FUNCTIONS
 Mnemonic
 

-6 -5

-7 -6

Which circles are filled?


-6, -5
Which is smaller? -6
PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF
STEP FUNCTIONS
 If jeepney drivers charge the same fare at 4 km and 4.5 km
travel, then they follow the floor function.
 If taxi drivers charge the same fare at 4.5 km and 5 km
travel, then they follow the ceiling function.
 If a courier service charges the same shipping fee at 4.5 km
and 5 km travel, then they follow the ceiling function.
KEYWORDS IN TEXTBOOKS
 In textbook word problems, these keywords denote a
 

ceiling function.

Illustration:
A taxi driver charges a fee for 1 km even though a fraction
of a kilometer is only travelled up to the destination.
STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 A jeepney ride costs Php 8 for the first 4 km, and each
additional integer kilometer adds Php 1.50 to the fare. Use
a piecewise function to represent the jeepney fare in terms
of the distance (d) in kilometers.
STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

A jeepney ride costs Php 8 for the first 4 km,


STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
…and each additional integer kilometer adds Php 1.50 to the
fare.

*Since distance should be an integer, it should be enclosed with


floor brackets.
STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

…and each additional integer kilometer adds Php 1.50 to


the fare.

Using ratio and proportion for


STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

…and each additional integer kilometer adds Php 1.50 to


the fare.

At
STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

…and each additional integer kilometer adds Php 1.50 to


the fare.

Combing all equations,


STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 A taxi ride costs Php 40 for the first 500 meters, and each
additional 300 meters (or a fraction thereof) adds Php 3.50
to the fare. Use a piecewise function to represent the taxi
fare in terms of the distance d in meters.
STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

A taxi ride costs Php 40 for the first 500 meters,


STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
… and each additional 300 meters (or a fraction thereof)
adds Php 3.50 to the fare.

*Since distance should be an integer, it should be enclosed


with ceiling brackets (“a fraction thereof”).
STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

… and each additional 300 meters (or a fraction thereof)


adds Php 3.50 to the fare.

Using ratio and proportion for


STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

… and each additional 300 meters (or a fraction thereof)


adds Php 3.50 to the fare.

At
STEP AND PIECEWISE
FUNCTIONS
 Solution
 

… and each additional 300 meters (or a fraction thereof)


adds Php 3.50 to the fare.

Combing all equations,


QUESTION
Why is step function not necessary in the text message
problem unlike in jeepney and taxi fare problems?
QUESTION
Why is step function not necessary in the text message
problem unlike in jeepney and taxi fare problems?

Because text messages are already expressed in integers,


unlike distance which can also be expressed in decimals
CAN YOU SEE THE PATTERN
IN EQUATIONS WITH
EXCESS/ADDITIONAL FEES?
 

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