Marketing Communication

Dr. Ayu Helena Cornellia, BA, MSi

INDICATIVE LITERATURE
Phillip J.Kitchen.
Marketing
Communications:
Principles and
Practice. Int.
Thomson Business
Press, 1998.
 Marketing communications:
principles, basic elements, instruments
Definitions of marketing communications.
Basic instruments of MarCom.
Process of communication and its basic elements.
Evolution of marketing communications concepts.
World discussion on integrated marketing
communications.
Principles of effective marketing communications:
target audience, choice of medium, message,
budgeting, monitoring and control.
 MARKETING
Marketing is
the activity, set of institutions, and processes
for creating, communicating, delivering, and
exchanging
offerings
that have value for customers, clients,
partners, and society at large.
Approved October 2007

(AMA, www.marketingpower.com)
 COMMUNICATION
1. an act or instance of transmitting;
2. a verbal or written message;
3. a process by which information is exchanged between
individuals through a common system of symbols,
signs, or behavior; also : exchange of information;
4. a system (as of telephones) for communicating: a
system of routes for moving troops, supplies, and
vehicles;
5. a technique for expressing ideas effectively (as in
speech); the technology of the transmission of
information (as by print or telecommunication)
(Meriam-Webster dictionary, www.m-w.com)
MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
A process by which product information is
transmitted to the target audience

PRODUCT

INFORMATION

TARGET AUDIENCE
 MARKETING MIX
PRODUCT PLACE
Product characteristics, Different types of distribution
options, assortment, brand channels, density of the distribution
name, packaging, quantity, system, trade relation mix (policy of
factory guarantee margins, terms of delivery, etc),
merchandising advice
PRICE PROMOTION
List price, usual terms of
payment, usual discounts,
Advertising
terms of credit, long-term Sales promotion
saving campaigns
Personal selling
PR
 MarCom: MAIN OBJECTIVES

REMAINDING
INFORMING •Product
•Product Launch Sales Growth phase
phase •Competitive
•Explanations of
Product’s
TARGET positioning
features & benefits AUDIENCE

PURSUADING
•Product Maturity phase
•Applies to consumers’ memory
(brand specific)
 MarCom Mix

PR Advertising Event
Marketing
Sponsorship Product
placement

Merchandising
Communication
New
Program Media

Internet POS
materials
Mobile Sales
Communications Promotions
 BASIC INSTRUMENTS
ADVERTISING SPONSORSHIP
SALES PROMOTION PACKAGING
PR POS MATERIALS
DIRECT WORD-IN-MOUTH
MARKETING INTERNET
EXHIBITIONS PRODUCT
CORPORATE IMAGE PLACEMENT
PERSONAL
SELLING
 Communication Theory

SENDER MESSAGE Channel MESSAGE RECIEVER

Barriers
encoding or decoding
Noise

FEEDBACK RESPONSE
 The party sending
SENDER Major parties in communication
the message to another party
The set of messages Major
MESSAGE
the sender sends communication tool
Putting through One of
ENCODING
into symbolic form communication function

CHANNEL Communication channels Major

message is sent through communication tool
The process by which receivers
DECODING One of
assign meaning to the sender’s
communication function
transmitted symbols
RESEIVER The party receiving
Major parties In communication
the message (audience)
Set of reactions following One of
RESPONSE
exposure/reception of message communication function
NOISE (Un)planned static or distortion during process of communication

Part of response One of

FEEDBACK
transmitted back to the sender communication function
 EVOLUTION OF MARKETING
COMMUNICATIONS CONCEPTS

MARKET
MEDIA &
COMMUNICATIONS
CONSUMERS
shift from mass
marketing and
product oriented
concepts (1950-60)
to
 FOCUS ON
CONSUMER
DATA BASED MARKETING
INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATIONS
MEASURED RESULTS
 INTEGRATED MARKETING
COMMUNICATIONS
A planning process
designed to assure
that all brand contacts
received by a customer or prospect
for a product, service, or organization
are relevant to that person and consistent
over time.
(AMA)
 IMC Requirements
Awareness of audience’s media habits
and preferences
Understanding of audience’s knowledge
and beliefs about the product
Use of coordinated media blend linked to
a specific objective
Key is a single, coordinated message
and image thrust
 IMC
• Synergy
• Better use of communication funds
• Balancing the ‘push’ and ‘pull’ strategies
• Improves the company’s ability
– to reach
– the right consumer
– at the right place
– at the right time
– with the right message
 Push & Pull Strategy
• push strategy
– directs communication efforts at channel members
– many products, such as business products, are
promoted with a push strategy, involving personal
selling and use of trade promotions
• pull strategy
– directs promotion at the end consumer
– most consumer products would rely more heavily on a
pull strategy
– where promotion is directed at the consumer to
stimulate demand
 PUSH STRATEGY

Producer
Producer Wholesaler
Wholesaler Retailer
Retailer Consumer
Consumer

PULL STRATEGY

Producer
Producer Wholesaler
Wholesaler Retailer
Retailer Consumer
Consumer

Product flow Communication effort

 What else is important?

Segmentation
Targeting
Positioning
 SEGMENTATION
– A market segment is basically
• a set of individuals unique in
some way or the other
• Sharing one or more common
characteristics
• Having similar needs
• Responding to market
conditions in the same manner
• Have similar behavioural
patterns
• May or may not be belonging to
– the same community,
– group or
– niche
 TARGETING
• Selecting the target
audience (TA)
– for whom your product or
service
– is meant to be, most likely
based on
• Age group
• Likes and dislikes
• Gender
• Socio-economic factors
• Geographic location
 POSITIONING
• refers to the image your
target audience has
regarding your product or
service as compared to your
competitors

• It is all the more essential in

today's setup, where literally
no sector is devoid of an
oligopolistic setup

• Primary, and in most cases,

the ONLY objective:
– To highlight your
product's USP in the
most striking manner
 PRINCIPLES OF EFFECTIVE
MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS
• WHO? Identifying the Target Audience

• WHERE? Choice of Communication Channel

• WHAT? Message

• HOW MUCH? Budget

• FORM – CHANNEL
– PERIOD OF TIME Communication program design

• WHAT WAS IT?

Monitoring & Evaluation
 Identifying Target Audience
Image analysis:
Beliefs,
Ideas,
Attitudes,
Impressions & Actions
– regarding an object
Choice of communication channel
CHANNELS
PERSONAL NON PERSONAL

ADVOCATE EVENTS MEDIA

ATMOSPHERE
EXPERT PRINT
BROADCAST
NETWORK
ELECTRONIC
SOCIAL DISPLAY
 Design Message
• Message content
Rational
Emotional
Moral

• Message structure
One- Vs Two-sided arguments
Conclusion drawing
Order of Presentation
 Design message
• Message Source
Source credibility
Endorser

• Message Format
The message has to be considered
depending on which media is going to be
used – e.g. Layouts, props, models, music,
voice, etc.
 Decisions on the
Marketing Communication Mix
• Personal selling
– direct presentation of a product to a prospective customer by a
representative of the selling organization
• Advertising
– A paid, impersonal mass communication with a clearly-identified
sponsor
• Sales promotion
– Demand-stimulating activity designed to supplement advertising and
facilitate personal selling
• Public relations
– A planned communication effort by an organization to contribute to
generally favourable attitudes and opinions toward an organization
and its products
• Publicity
– A special form of public relations that involves news stories about an
organization or its products
 What else can influence
MarCom Mix
Type of product (service)
Stage of product life cycle
Level of consumer readiness to accept
product (service)
Promotion strategy (Push or Pull)
Competitors MarCom Mix
Financial resources
Thank you