Behavior Therapy
Princess Marjorie Platero Aira Camille Biscocho
Princess Angelique David Mareenel Carpio
Emmanuel David
Behavior Therapy
Also called as behavioral
modification or cognitive behavioral
therapy.
A treatment that helps change potentially
self-destructing behaviors.
Medical professionals use this type of
therapy to replace bad habits with good ones.
The therapy also helps you cope with difficult
situations. It is most often used to treat
anxiety disorders.
NOTE:
An important feature of behavioral therapy is
its focus on current problems and behavior,
and on attempts to remove behavior the
patient finds troublesome.
The premise behind behavioural therapy is
that behaviour can be both learned and un-
learned.
Treatment most often is directed toward
changing harmful habits, such as
discontinuing cigarette smoking, dieting to
lose weight, controlling alcohol abuse, or
managing stress more effectively.
Benefits
The general benefit is increased quality of life.
Specific benefits vary depending on what
condition is being treated. These can include:
• reduced incidents of self-harm
• improved social skills
• better functioning in unfamiliar situations
• improved emotional expressions
• less outbursts
• better pain management
• ability to recognize the need for medical help
Burrhus F. Skinner
perhaps the best known of the behaviorists.
He believed that the best way to understand
behavior is to look at the causes of an action
and its consequences. He called this approach
operant conditioning.
Operant conditioning was based on the work
of Thorndike (1905). Edward Thorndike
studied learning in animals using a puzzle
box to propose the theory known as the 'Law
of Effect'.
Skinner introduced a new term into the Law
of Effect - Reinforcement. Behavior which
is reinforced tends to be repeated (i.e.
strengthened); behavior which is not
reinforced tends to die out-or be extinguished
(i.e. weakened).
Skinner (1948) studied operant conditioning
by conducting experiments using animals
which he placed in a 'Skinner Box' which
was similar to Thorndike’s puzzle box.
Operant conditioning can be described as
a process that attempts to modify a behavior
through the use of positive and negative
reinforcement. It has to do with rewards and
punishments and how they can either
strengthen or weaken certain behaviors.
Reinforcement comes in two forms : positive
and negative
Positive reinforces are favorable events or
outcomes that are given to the individual after the
desired behavior.
Negative reinforces are characterized by the
removal of an undesired or unpleasant outcome
after the desired behavior. A response is
strengthened as something considered negative is
removed.
The goal in both of these cases of reinforcement
is for the behavior to increase.
Punishment is when the increase of something
undesirable attempts to cause a decrease in the
behavior that follows.
Positive punishment is when unfavorable events
or outcomes are given in order to weaken the
response that follows
Negative punishment is characterized by when an
unfavorable event or outcome is removed after a
undesired behavior occurs.
The goal in both of these causes of punishment is for
a behavior to decrease.
Relaxation Training
A relaxation technique (also known as relaxation
training) is any method, process, procedure, or
activity that helps a person to relax; to attain a state of
increased calmness; or otherwise reduce levels of pain
, anxiety, stress or anger. Relaxation techniques are
often employed as one element of a wider
stress management program and can decrease muscle
tension, lower the blood pressure and slow heart and
breath rates, among other health benefits.
Systematic Desensitization
Sometimes called as "graduated exposure
therapy."
It was developed by Wolpe during the 1950s.
This therapy aims to remove the fear response
of a phobia, and substitute a relaxation
response to the conditional stimulus gradually
using counter conditioning.
3 Phases of Systematic Desensitization
First, the client is taught relaxation
techniques.
Next, the individual creates a ranked list of
fear-invoking situations.
EXAMPLE
Third, the patient works their way up the fear
hierarchy, starting at the least unpleasant
stimuli and practising their relaxation
technique as they go.
Social Skills Training
a type of psychotherapy that works to help
people improve their social skills so they can
become socially competent.
Social skills training has been shown to be
effective in treating patients with a broad
range of emotional problems and diagnoses.
A major goal of social skills training is
teaching persons who may or may not have
emotional problems about the verbal as well as
nonverbal behaviors involved in social
interactions.
Techniques in social skills training
I. Therapists who use social skills training begin by
breaking down complex social behaviors into
smaller portions.
II. Next, they arrange these smaller parts in order of
difficulty, and gradually introduce them to the
patients.
For example, a therapist who is helping a patient
learn to feel more comfortable at parties might make
a list of specific behaviors that belong to the complex
behavior called "acting appropriately at a party,"
such as introducing oneself to others; making
conversation with several people at the party rather
than just one other guest;
keeping one's conversation pleasant and interesting;
thanking the host or hostess before leaving; and so
on. The patient would then work on one specific
behavior at a time rather than trying to learn them
all at once.
References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behaviour_therapy
http://
www.simplypsychology.org/behavioral-therapy.ht
ml
http://
www.counselling-directory.org.uk/behavioural.ht
ml
http://
www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.
html
http://
www.healthline.com/health/behavioral-therapy#
https://
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxation_technique
http://
www.simplypsychology.org/Systematic-Desensitis
ation.html
http://
www.minddisorders.com/Py-Z/Social-skills-traini
ng.html
