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Understanding Standard Deviation Basics

The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. It measures how far data points are from the mean. For a normal distribution, about 68% of the data lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean, and about 95% is within 2 standard deviations. When calculating standard deviation from a sample rather than a whole population, the formula is slightly different, using n-1 instead of n. Standard deviation is useful for measuring variability, especially for normal distributions.

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Mary Jean G. Sanguyo
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613 views15 pages

Understanding Standard Deviation Basics

The standard deviation is the square root of the variance. It measures how far data points are from the mean. For a normal distribution, about 68% of the data lies within 1 standard deviation of the mean, and about 95% is within 2 standard deviations. When calculating standard deviation from a sample rather than a whole population, the formula is slightly different, using n-1 instead of n. Standard deviation is useful for measuring variability, especially for normal distributions.

Uploaded by

Mary Jean G. Sanguyo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Standard

Deviation
Standard Deviation

Extracting the square root of the value of the


variance will give the value of the standard
deviation.
If we let be σ (sigma) the standard deviation,
then

or simply, the standard deviation is just the


square root of the variance.
2
Try this!

Compute the Range, Variance and Standard Deviation of


the example given earlier (Computation of Measures of
Central Tendency).

Range R = H – L = 94 – 11 = 83

Variance
First, we will reproduce the frequency distribution.
Applying the steps stated before, we have

3
11-22 33
=16.5
Try this!
2 2
  ∑ 𝑓𝑥
~
𝑥=
𝑛

3,174
𝑥´  =
60

´𝑥  =52.9

4
Try this!

Standard Deviation It is just the square root of the


variance so,
𝜎 

5
Sample Variance
and Sample
Standard Deviation
Standard Deviation

Sometimes, our data are only a sample of the


whole population.
When we use the sample as an estimate of the
whole population, The formula for the variance
will change to:

7
Standard Deviation

And the Standard deviation formula is

The important change in the formula is ―n-1‖ instead of


―n‖ (which is called Bessel‘s correction) but it does
not affect the calculations. The symbol will also change
to reflect that we are working on a sample instead of
the whole population. (σ 8will be changed to s when using
Standard Deviation

Why take a sample?


Mostly because it is easier and cheaper. Imagine you
want to know what the whole university thinks. You
cannot ask thousands of people, so instead you may ask
maybe only 300 people. Samuel Johnson once said ―”You
don‘t have to eat the whole ox to know that the meat is
tough”

9
Standard Deviation

More notes on Standard Deviation


The Standard Deviation is simply the square root of
the variance. It is an especially useful measure of
variability when the distribution is normal or
approximately normal because the proportion of the
distribution within a given number of standard
deviations from the mean can be calculated.

10
Standard Deviation

More notes on Standard Deviation


For example. 68% of the distribution is
within one standard deviation of the mean
and approximately 95% of the distribution
is within two standard deviations of the
mean. Therefore, if you have a normal
distribution with a mean of 50 and a
standard deviation of 10, then 68% of the
distribution would be between 50 – 10 = 60 70
30 40 50
40 and 50 + 10 = 60. Similarly, about 95%
of the distribution would be between 50 –
(2 x 10) = 30 and 50 + (2 x 10) = 70. The
symbol for the population standard
11
Standard Deviation

◍  
 
= 16.54
  𝑥−𝑀 3 6 − 53 − 17
𝑧= ¿  ¿ 
𝜎 17 17
68.26%
  𝑥−𝑀
𝑧= ¿ 
70 −53
¿ 
17
𝜎 17 17
.4772 .3413 .3413 .4772
  𝑥 − 𝑀   19 −53 − 34
𝑧= ¿ ¿  -2.00 -1.00 1.00 2.00
𝜎 17 17
  𝑥 − 𝑀 ¿  87 − 53
𝑧= ¿ 
34 l l l l l
𝜎 17 17 19 36 53 70 87

12
Standard Deviation

13
Standard Deviation

More notes on Standard Deviation


Standard deviation is a measure of dispersion,
the more dispersed the data, the less consistent
the data are. A lower standard deviation means
that the data are more clustered around the mean
and hence the data set is more consistent.

14
👍
Thanks!

15

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