Values
• Values are the evaluative standards for
deciding what is right and what is wrong
(Good/Bad; Desirable/Undesirable).
• The basis of evaluation is one’s value system.
• The value system of a group of people is the
set of beliefs and attitudes that they all share.
• Ex: Those who value morality, justice,
kindness, compassion may decline lucrative
career options.
• Values are the very core of our behavior, the
motive force of our lives.
Rokeach Value Survey
• The Rokeach Value Survey (RVS) is
a values classification instrument.
• Developed by social psychologist
Milton Rokeach.
• The instrument is designed for rank-order
scaling of 36 values, including 18 terminal 18
instrumental values.
Instrumental Values
• Instrumental Values are core values, comprise
personal characteristics and character traits.
• They are permanent in nature.
• Instrumental Values refer to preferable modes of
behaviour and include values like honesty,
sincerity, ambition, independence, obedience,
imaginativeness, courageousness,
competitiveness, and also some negative traits
too.
Terminal Values
• Terminal Values are those things that we can
work towards or we think are most important
and we feel are most desirable.
• Terminal Values include things like happiness,
self respect, family security, recognition,
freedom, inner harmony, comfortable life,
professional excellence, etc.
• Terminal Values signify the objectives of the life
of a person – the ultimate things the person
wants to achieve through his or her behaviour.
Value System
• A hierarchy of values that all moral agents
possess, demonstrated by their choices.
• Most people's value systems differ.
• This is an individualistic concept.
• One's value system is moulded by one's
virtues (moral behaviour) or vices (immoral
behaviour).
Value Spectrum for good life
• Like light has seven distinct spectrum colour expressed as
“VIBGYOR”, a good life also comprises of seven important
values. These are
• MATERIAL VALUES (associated with comforts of living)
• SOCIAL VALUES (refers to making a good society)
• AESTHETIC VALUES (associated with creation and enjoyment of
beauty)
• PHYSIOLOGICAL VALUES (concerned with mental and
emotional health)
• ETHICAL VALUES (morality)
• SPIRITUAL VALUES (connects us consciously or unconsciously)
with the supernatural)
• HUMAN VALUES (are the principles, standards, convictions and
beliefs that people adopt as their guidelines in daily activities)
Johari Window
• The Johari window is a technique used to help
people better understand their relationship
with themselves and others.
• It is the process of giving and receiving
feedback.
• Represents information - feelings, experience,
views, attitudes, skills, intentions, motivation,
etc about a person and in relation to their
team
OPEN SELF:
• In this quadrant, we are most effective and
productive, and the team is also most
productive too.
• In this area, good communications and
cooperation occur which is free from
distractions, mistrust, confusion, conflict and
misunderstanding.
BLIND SELF:
• Team members and managers take
responsibility for reducing the blind area by
giving sensitive feedback and encouraging
disclosure.
• Managers promote a climate of non-
judgemental feedback, and group response to
individual disclosure, and reduce fear.
HIDDEN SELF:
• Relevant hidden information and feelings, etc,
should be moved into the open area through
the process of 'self-disclosure' and 'exposure
process‘
• The extent to which an individual discloses
personal feelings and information, and to
whom, must always be at the individual's own
discretion
UNKNOWN SELF:
• Managers and leaders can create an
environment that encourages self-discovery,
through constructive observation and
feedback among team members .
• The unknown area could also include
repressed or subconscious feelings
• Counselling can help to uncover the unknown
issues
Importance
• A model for self-awareness,
• Personal development, group development and
understanding relationships,
• A simple and useful tool for understanding and
training self-awareness, personal development,
• Improving communications,
• Team development and intergroup relationships
• A new way to understand and assess people's
behaviors.
• New management style, attitudes, and potential.
• Understanding yourself, your goals, intentions,
responses, and Behavior.
• Understanding others, and their feelings.
Usefulness
• Help in improving relationships.
• Improves understanding between individuals
and within groups.
• Helps in trust building.
• You can learn about yourself with the help of
feedback from others.
