TECNOLÓGICO NACIONAL

DE MÉXICO
METODOLOGÍA TAGUCHI
DOCENTE: ING. DIANA ROCIO ALCANTAR ESPARZA.
¨QUALITY M ANAGEMENT SYSTEM¨
EQUIPO 5
GIOVANNI MACIAS MATA
EDUARDO VERDEJA MARTINEZ
JUAN FERNANDO PEREZ SILVA
JOHACKSY JAVIER M UÑOZ ARELLANO

AGUASCALIENTES, AGS., A 25 DE FEBRERO 2017

Definition of Quality

Quality is the totality of features and characteristics of a

product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or
implied needs.
Some goals of quality programs include:
• Fitness for use. (Is the product or service capable of being used?)
• Fitness for purpose. (Does the product or service meet its intended
purpose?)
• Customer satisfaction. (Does the product or service meet the
customer's expectations?)
• Conformance to the requirements. (Does the product or service
conform to the requirements?)
Quality Management System
Customer Focus (on needs and requirements)
Leadership (establish unity of purpose, direction,
environment for participation)
Involvement of people (full)
Process Approach (managing activities & resources)
Systems Approach to Management (of inter-related
processes)
Continual Improvement (of processes and performance)
Factual Approach to Decision Making (analysis of
data/info)
Mutually Beneficial supplier relationships
DEMING WHEEL: PDCA CYCLE

4. ACT 1. Plan
Institutionalize Identify
Improvement; problem and
continue cycle develop plan for
improvement
3.

3. Study/Check 2. Do
Assess plan; is it Implement plan on
working a test basis
Quality Management Processes

Quality Planning
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Quality Planning

The process of identifying which quality standards are

relevant to the project and determining how to satisfy them.

Input includes: Quality policy, scope statement, product

description, standards and regulations, and other process
Output.
Methods used: benefit / cost analysis, benchmarking,
flowcharting, and design of experiments
Output includes: Quality Management Plan, operational
definitions, checklists, and Input to other processes.

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Quality Assurance

The process of evaluating overall project performance on

a regular basis to provide confidence that the project will
satisfy the relevant quality standards.

Input includes: Quality Management Plan, results of quality

control measurements, and operational definitions.
Methods used: quality planning tools and techniques and
quality audits.
Output includes: quality improvement.

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Quality Control

The process of monitoring specific project results to

determine if they comply with relevant quality standards and
identifying ways to eliminate causes of unsatisfactory
performance.

Input includes: work results, Quality Management Plan,

operational definitions, and checklists.
Methods used include: inspection, control charts, pareto
diagrams, statistical sampling, flowcharting, and trend
analysis.
Output includes: quality improvements, acceptance
decisions, rework, completed checklists, and process
adjustments.
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What is verification?
Verification represents static testing techniques.
Verification ensures that the software documents comply with
the organizations standards, it is static analysis technique.
Verification answer's the question “Is the Software build
according to the specifications”.
Verification techniques :
Requirements reviews
Technical Reviews
Walk through
Inspections
Formal reviews
Informal reviews
Peer reviews
What is software validation?

Validation represents dynamic testing techniques.

Validation ensures that the software operates as planned in the
requirements phase by executing it, running predefined test cases
and measuring the output with expected results.
Validation answers the question “Did we build the software fit for
purpose and does it provides the solution to the problem”.
Validation is concerned with evaluating the software, component
or system to determine it meets end user requirements.
Validation techniques :
Unit testing
Integration testing
System testing
Integration testing
Total Quality
Management: Quality
“we define quality as consistently producing what the
customer wants while reducing errors before and after
delivery to the customer. More importantly, however, quality
is not so much an outcome as a never ending process of
continually improving the quality of what your company
produces.” David Chaudron

Great emphasis on needs and requirements analysis

Uses a systems approach with strong emphasis on both
cultural and technological elements
Strong emphasis on prevention and role of leadership
Closely related to Deming’s approach to QM
ISO 8402 and 9000:
Quality and QM
“The totality of characteristics of an entity that bear on
its ability to satisfy stated and implied needs” ISO 8402

Quality management: activities performed to formulate

and implement policies and programs intended to achieve
quality.

Examples:
• quality planning,
• quality control,
• quality assurance, and
• quality improvement
Quality Concepts
Zero Defects
• Implies that there is no tolerance for errors within the system.
• The goal of all processes is to avoid defects in the product or
service.
• Similar to six sigma: almost zero defects
The Customer is the Next Person in the Process
• The internal organization has a system that ensures the product or
service is transferred to the next person in the process in a complete
and correct manner.
• The product or service being built is transferred to another internal
party only after it meets all the specifications and all actions at the
current work station.
• Avoids incorrectly assembled components and poor workmanship.
Quality Concepts
Do the Right Thing Right the First Time (DTRTRTFT)
• Implies that it is easier and less costly to do the work right the first
time than it is to do it the second time.
• Entails the training of personnel to ensure sufficient skills and tools to
correctly complete the work.

Continuous Improvement Process (CIP) (From Japanese

word, Kaizen)
• A sustained, gradual change to improve the situation.
• Differs from innovation -- does not make a sudden jump to a plateau
where it matures over time.
• Focuses on 11 principles: constancy of purpose, commitment to
quality, customer focus and involvement, process orientation,
continuous improvement, system-centered management, investment
in knowledge, teamwork, conservation of human resources, total
involvement, and perpetual commitment.
Cost of Quality
Cost of quality is the total price of all efforts to achieve product or
service quality. This includes all work to build a product or service
that conforms to the requirements as well as all work resulting from
non-conformance to the requirements.
The typical project should have a goal of between 3-5% of the total
value as the cost of a quality program depending on the type of
project and its total dollar value.
• Cost to build right the first time
• Training programs
• Statistical Process Control (SPC) Costs
Cost of a quality system is often viewed as a negative cost because
errors in work have been traditionally accepted as a cost of doing
business.
Major Cost Categories
of Quality
Prevention Cost - cost to plan and execute a project so that it will be
error-free
Appraisal Cost - cost of evaluating the processes and the Output of
the processes to ensure the product is error-free
Internal Failure Cost - cost incurred to correct an identified defect
before the customer receives the product
External Failure Cost - cost incurred due to errors detected by the
customer. This includes warranty cost, field service personnel
training cost, complaint handling, and future business losses.
Measurement and Test Equipment - capital cost of equipment used
to perform prevention and appraisal activities.
Opportunities for
Reducing Cost
Areas of Waste in Projects
• Waste in rejects of completed work
• Waste in design flaws
• Waste in work-in-process
• Waste in motion for manpower (under-trained employee)
• Waste in management (Improper direction of work)
• Waste in manpower (Misplaced or waiting workers)
• Waste in facilities (Ordering excess material)
• Waste in expenses (Unnecessary meetings, travel)
Thank
You