Science Grade 9
Term 3: Week 4,
Unit 10: Electricity Part 1
UNIT 10:
ELECTRICITY
10.1 STATIC
COURSEBOOK ELECTRICITY
PAGES 70 - 71
DAY 1
STATIC ELECTRICITY
• The effects of static electricity are all
around
• For example, have you ever felt a slight
shock when you put a jersey over your head
on a cold day, or perhaps you have observed
your hair stand on end when you touch
certain objects?
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
LIGHTNING IS STATIC ELECTRICITY
DESCRIBING STATIC ELECTRICITY
• As in simulation, when you rub a balloon on cloth – charged with static
electricity
• It has an electric charge
• Before this it was uncharged
• Charged objects can attracted other objects like:
• Hair, thread, paper and plastic – easily attracted
ATTRACTION AND REPULSION
• Charged objects can repel one another – electric force
• Not the same as magnetic force
Static Electricity Simulation with
out electrons
VIDEO
https://youtu.be/ViZNgU-Yt-Y
QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
10.1 Static Electricity
Complete:
Questions 1 to 3
Page 140 and 141
10.2 POSITIVE
COURSEBOOK
PAGES 142 AND
AND NEGATIVE
143
CHARGE
DAY 2
• There are many ways to create static electricity
• German physicist – Otto van Guericke created static electricity by
rubbing a sulfur ball with a pad
• There are two types of charges
• Positive (+) and Negative (-)
EXPLAININ • When an object has more electrons than protons - negatively
G ELECTRIC charged.
• When an object has fewer electrons than protons - positively
FORCES charged.
• Have a look at the following diagrams which illustrate this
• If a positively charged object is
brought closer to a negatively
charged object – attract each
other.
• If two negatively charged objects
come together - repel each other.
• If two positively charged objects
come together - repel each other.
FINDING THE SIGN
OF AN ELECTRIC
CHARGE
• The reading on the
Coulometer is
negative : polythene
rod has a
• – charge
CHARGING BY FRICTION
• An object is neutral - same number of positive charges as
negative charges
• When two surfaces are rubbed together there is friction
between them.
• Friction is a resistance against the movement of an object as a
result of its contact with another object.
• If a rod is rubbed on cloth
• The force of the friction gives negative charge to the rod
• The cloth gains positive charges
• The friction between the two surfaces causes electrons to be
transferred from one surface to the other.
CHARGING BY FRICTION
• When two surfaces are rubbed together there is
friction between them.
• One surface is acrylic the opposite effects occurs
• An acrylic rod is rubbed on cloth
• The force of the friction gives positive charge to the rod
• The cloth gains negative charges
• Charges that are transferred are dependent
materials used
QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
10.2 Positive and negative charge
Complete:
Questions 1 to 6
Page 142 and 143
10.3 ELECTRONS
COURSEBOOK
PAGES 144 AND
ON THE MOVE
145
DAY 3
THE ATOM
• The friction – transfer of electrons
• To understand how this occurs we need
to look at the structure of an atom
• All atoms have a nucleus which contains
protons and neutrons.
• protons within a nucleus are fixed there.
• The atom also contains electrons.
EXPLAINING STATIC ELECTRICITY
• We aw that when an acrylic rod is rubbed on cloth
• The force of the friction gives positive charge to the rod
• The cloth gains negative charges
• What is happening?
• The neutrally charged rod transfers it e- to the cloth
• Cloth gains e- → negative charge
• Rod losses e- → positive charge
• Depicted in simulation
Static Electricity Simulation with electrons
WHY DO ELECTRONS MOVE
• Electrons are found on the outer shells of the atom
• Electrons closest to the nucleus - strongly held
• Those further away - weaker attraction.
• Protons are fixed in the nucleus - cannot be transferred
• Some objects give up electrons more easily than other objects – Acrylics
• Acrylic holds it e- weakly
• Polythene holds it e- strongly
EXPLAINING WHY NEUTRAL OBJECTS ARE
ATTRACTED BY CHARGED OBJECTS
+ + o o
+ + oo
?
Balloon has Paper contains -
+
Force of attraction between the balloon and paper
Understanding electrons behave is key to understanding electricity
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
10.3 Electrons on the move
Complete:
Questions 1 to 4
Page 144 and 145
10.4 CONDUCTORS
COURSEBOOK
PAGES 146 AND
AND INSULATORS
147
DAY 4
CONDUCTORS AND
INSULATORS
• Electrical wires are found in houses and other
buildings
• These wires supply electricity to the whole building
• Conductors: conduct electricity – metals
• Insulators: do not conducts electricity – non-
metals
• Conductors:
• Most cables are made or copper as it is a very good
conductor of electricity
• Over head power cables are made from Aluminium
• Insulators:
• Many domestic cables are insulated with plastic
• A non-conductor
26
ELECTRIC CURRENT
• Electric current
• An electric current is the movement of charge in a closed circuit.
• Two thing are needed for an electric current to flow
• Circuit of metal
• A cell
• Switch that breaks the flow of current
CIRCUIT SYMBOLS
• Scientists drew circuit diagrams to show the components in an electric circuit
• They used universal symbols for each component
• Example diagram
ACTIVITY 10.4
Circuit Simulation
QUESTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
10.4 Conductors and insulators
Complete:
Questions 1 to 3
Activity 10.4
Page 146 and 147
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