PAVEMENT DESIGN AND
CONSTRUCTION
Dynamic Shear
Rheometer
Dynamic Shear
Rheometer
• Purpose
viscous and elastic properties
effect of temperature
• Output
Complex Shear Modulus (G*)
Phase Angle (
Construction Rutting Fatigue Low Temp
Cracking Cracking
[RV] [DSR] [BBR]
Time RTFO - aging
No aging
PAV - aging
Viscous Behavior
(High Temps) G * : stiffness
G*1
G*2
2 : elasticity
1
Elastic Behavior
(Low Temps)
Test Equipment
• Temperature Control
+ 0.1 degrees C
• Two Methods
circulating water bath
air oven
Temp
Control
Running the DSR Test
• Need to know
High or intermediate temperature
What aging condition
Unaged
RTFO aged
PAV aged
Equipment Preparation
• Select testing geometry
25 mm plate diameter with 1 mm gap
original binder
RTFO residue
8 mm plate diameter with 2 mm gap
PAV residue
Equipment Preparation
• Select test temperature
From PG chart or estimate
High vs intermediate
Allow plates to equilibrate to test temperature
• Set “zero” gap
Point where plates touch
Automated
Allows accurate testing gap
At test temperature or in middle of expected
range (+/- 12C)
Equipment Preparation
Set test gap:
high temperature gap = 1000 microns (1
mm)
intermediate temperature gap = 2000
microns (2 mm)
Add extra 50 – 100 microns
Will remove after trimming
Eliminates edge effects
Equipment Preparation
• Return plates to loading temperature
Test temperature for 25mm plates
34 – 46C for 8mm plates
Equipment Preparation
Micrometer
Wheel
1000 or 2000 microns
Spindle + 50 microns (sample shape)
Fixed Base 1050 microns or 2050 microns
Specimen Preparation
• Heat until fluid to pour
• Stir
• Methods of Applying Specimen
use a silicone mold
apply binder directly to spindle or fixed base
direct transfer with glass rod or spatula
syringe
take care when removing plates to load sample
Specimen Preparation
• Close plates to test gap +/- 50 microns
• Trim
• Remove excess to create bulge
• Bring sample to test temperature +/- 0.1C and
hold for 10 minutes (or required equilibrium time
for DSR)
• Start test
Specimen Preparation
Spindle
Excess Asphalt
Fixed
Base
17
Specimen Preparation
Spindle
After trimming
Fixed
Base
18
Specimen Preparation
Spindle
Slight bulge
is proper
Fixed
Base
19
Testing
applied constant
stress
Binder Oscillating Spindle
Sample
Fixed
Base
Spindle Begins at A
Start of Spindle
cycle... Position
A Time
B C
A
Spindle Moves from A to B
Spindle
Position B
A Time
B C
A
Spindle Moves from B to A
Spindle
Position
B
A
Time
B C
A
Spindles Moves from A to C
Spindle
Position
A
Time
C
B C
A
Spindle Moves from C to A
Spindle
One cycle Position
is complete...
A
Time
C
B C
A
DSR Frequency of
Oscillation
• 10 radians per
second
• 1.59 Hz 360 degrees per circle = 2
radians per circle
1 radian 57.3 degrees
Elastic: = 0 deg Viscous: = 90 deg
max max
Applied
Shear
Stress time
time lag =
max
Resulting
Shear
Strain time
max
Viscoelastic: 0 < o
max
Applied
Shear
Stress
time
max
G* =
max
max
= time lag
Resulting
Shear
Strain
time
Shear Stress ()
and Shear Strain (
torque (T)
deflection angle () 2T
= 3
r
height (h)
r
= h
max
radius (r) G* = max
Testing
• Run Test
condition specimen for 10 cycles
obtain data from 10 additional
cycles
• Print Results
G* and
Data Analysis and Presentation
• Printout provides
G*/sinδ or G*sinδ
Strain level PG Spec
Frequency
Temperature
Pass or fail
Criteria Review
Rutting (high temperature)
G*/sin d on unaged binder > 1.00 kPa
G*/sin d on RTFO aged binder
> 2.20 kPa
Criteria Review
Question: Why a minimum G*/sin d to
address rutting
Answer: We want a stiff, elastic binder
to contribute to mix rutting resistance
How: By increasing G* or decreasing d
Criteria Review
Fatigue cracking (intermediate temperature)
G* (sin d) < 5000 kPa
Fatigue typically occurs in older pavements
Criteria Review
• Question: Why a maximum G* sin d
to address fatigue?
Answer: We want a soft elastic binder (to
sustain many loads without cracking)
How: By decreasing G* or decreasing d
Calibration and Standardization
• Temperature
dummy specimen
• Load and Strain Transducers
manufacturer
• Overall Calibration
reference fluid
Viscosity
Standard
